Amandla enuzi kungenye yezimpikiswano enkulu uma kukhulunywa ngokuyikhiqiza nokubhekana nayo. Futhi ngukuthi, ngenkathi isetshenziswa, kudalwa imfucumfucu enemisebe eyingozi emvelweni futhi engadala umonakalo omkhulu. Ngokuthola ukwelashwa okuyikho kwalezi zibi zemisebe esinayo amathuna enuzi. Uyazi ukuthi yini amathuna enuzi? UMkhandlu Wokuphepha Kwenuzi ezinhlelweni zakho? Kulesi sihloko ungakuthola konke.
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngalesi sihloko, funda ku.
Yini amathuna enuzi
Amandla enuzi asesebenze iminyaka eminingi futhi udoti wawo kufanele uphathwe ngendlela efanele ukunciphisa umonakalo emvelweni futhi ungalethi izinkinga ezinkulu empilweni yabantu. Igama elithi amathuna enuzi belingaziwa kuze kube muva nje ngumphakathi waseSpain. Noma kunjalo, ezweni lethu sinalo elilodwa futhi ukwakhiwa kwesekhondi kubonakala.
A priori, amathuna enuzi anjengendawo yokulahla udoti. Ingabe mayelana indawo lapho le mfucumfucu yenuzi igcinwa khona ukuze ingadali monakalo. Umehluko phakathi kwemfucumfucu esiyilahla endaweni eyodwa nenye ukuthi ekugcwalisweni komhlaba, kuyinto ephilayo egcina, ngokuhamba kweminyaka neminyaka, ibola. Imfucumfucu yenuzi inemisebe futhi ingadala umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni nasempilweni yethu uma ingalashwa ngendlela efanele noma uma ibanga uhlobo oluthile lokuchitheka kwenuzi.
Izinhlobo zemfucumfucu yenuzi
Imfucumfucu yenuzi efakwa kulezi zindawo ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu:
- Imfucuza esezingeni eliphansi. Imayelana nalolo doti olungeyona ingozi kangako futhi olwenziwa ezibhedlela nasezimbonini ngokubanzi. Lezi zimfucumfucu zigcinwa emigqomeni zilahlwe emathuneni enuzi, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe kabusha noma kusetshenziswe kabusha. Kuyimikhiqizo umjikelezo wempilo yabo usufike ekugcineni futhi akusekho ukusetshenziswa kuyo.
- Imfucuza yezinga eliphakathi. Yibo abathathwa njengabayingozi impela. Akhiqizwa kudaka, izinhlaka namakhemikhali asetshenziswa ku-reactor yenuzi. Phakathi kwalezi zinto zokwakha sithola ezinye zingcoliswe kusuka kokunye ukudiliza okungaba yingozi kakhulu.
- Imfucuza esezingeni eliphakeme. Lezi yizona eziyingozi kakhulu futhi lezo ezivela ngqo ku-reactor yenuzi. Lolu hlobo lwemfucuza lwenziwa ngenqubo ye- Ukulwa kwenuzi nezinye izinto zeTransuranic. Ziyimfucuza enemisebe ephezulu futhi isikhathi sazo sokubola sidlula iminyaka engama-30.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwemfucuza edinga ukugcinwa, kuye kwakhiwa amathuna amaningana enuzi. Lezi zindawo bezilungiswe ngaphambilini ukuze akubangeli noma yimuphi umthelela emvelweni. Vele, izinto azihlali zihamba njengokuhlelile. Kunokuhlukahluka okuningi okungathinta leyo ndawo esikhathini eside kangako. Yilapho ukwesaba nokwamukelwa kabi kokuba namathuna enuzi (ngokuqhathaniswa) eduze kwekhaya lakho kulele khona.
Izinsalela zigcinwa kuze kulindwe ukubola kwazo.
Ifakwa kuphi imfucumfucu ngayinye yenuzi?
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kuya ngohlobo lwemfucumfucu yenuzi esiyilaphayo, izindawo ezingaphezulu noma ezinesimo esidingekayo nezingaqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kokubili empilweni yabantu nasemvelweni.
Imfucumfucu esezingeni eliphansi itholakala futhi igcinwe ezimayini ezithile ezilahliwe. Lezi zimayini ezilahliwe zikulungele ukubeka le mfucuza engadali monakalo nokuthi ingalulaza kuphi.
Kunezinqolobane ezithile zesikhashana lapho zigcinwa khona futhi kamuva zafakwa eziningi zazo emathuneni amakhulu enuzi. Isibonelo, indawo enkulu kunazo zonke eyaziwayo yi- okubizwa ngokugcina okujulile komhlaba (ngesifinyezo sayo, i-AGP). Le ndawo inesimo futhi ilungiselelwe ukugcina imfucuza esezingeni eliphakeme ethatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-1000 ukuthi inyamalale. Lezi zindawo zisathuthukiswa, ngoba kunzima ukulungisa indawo engaphansi komhlaba ukuze ingalimazi yonke indawo lapho ikhona.
Yize kwamukelwa okuncane emphakathini futhi kwamukelwa okungatheni ngabezemvelo emhlabeni jikelele, kungolwandle. Imisele yolwandle yizindawo ezijulile ngaphansi kolwandle futhi ukusebenza kwazo kuhlobene nama-plate tectonics. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uqweqwe lomhlaba "luyacwila" minyaka yonke ngaphansi kwengubo yomhlaba kancane kancane futhi, indawo yokubhujiswa koqweqwe lomhlaba yimisele yasolwandle. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuwaphendula amathuna enuzi.
Amathuna enuzi eSpain
Kunamathuna enuzi abekwe emhlabeni wonke. Okucacayo wukuthi lapho kunesikhungo esisodwa noma eziningi zamandla enuzi, kufanele kube khona indawo yamathuna enuzi. Ezweni lethu sinamathuna enuzi anezinga eliphansi neliphakathi nendawo endaweni yase-El Cabril (eCórdoba). Umthamo wayo ulinganiselwa ukuthi kufanele ubhekane nodoti lokho zenziwa kuze kube cishe ngo-2030.
Kuze kube ngu-2009 yayingekho indawo yokugcina izimpahla esezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuze kube nokuphathwa okungcono kwemfucumfucu yenuzi, owayenguMongameli kaHulumeni ngaleso sikhathi, uJosé Luis Rodríguez Zapatero wagunyaza ukulungiswa komunye wabo eVillar de Cañas eCastilla-La Mancha.
Ngokusobala, lolu hlobo lokwakha lwadala impikiswano enkulu nokuphikisana kwamanye amaqembu ezepolitiki. Yize kunjalo, iphrojekthi yamukelwa ngenxa yesidingo sokuthi le doti ibe nokwelashwa nokugcinwa okungcono.
Ukuphathwa kwemfucumfucu enemisebe kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kunabantu abaningi namaqembu ezepolitiki acabanga ukuthi amathuna e-El Cabril akufanele anwetshwe, ngoba kukude kakhulu nezikhungo zenuzi Indawo Yokutshala Amandla YaseCofrentes y Isikhungo Samandla Enuzi sase-Almaraz). Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, kungadala izingozi ezithile ezidala izinkinga eziningi kakhulu kunalokho okuzama ukugwenywa.
Ngamafuphi, amandla enuzi ihlanzekile impela ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, uma sikuqhathanisa nalabo abasebenzisa i- izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokwenziwa kwazo, lokhu kudoti kungaba yingozi kakhulu empilweni yomuntu nasemvelweni. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa okulungile kwazo kufanele kube yinto ephambili kuzo zonke izindawo.