Ngokuqinisekile wake wezwa ngamandla enuzi nezingozi zawo ezingaba yingozi. Ukugwema izingozi zenuzi, eSpain sine UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha Wenuzi (CSN). Ingumgwamanda ozimele ovela ekuphathweni kombuso ophakathi, inhloso yawo enkulu ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwenuzi nokuvikelwa emisebeni.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi konke okuphathelene noMkhandlu Wezokuphepha We nyukliya kanye nezenzo zawo?
Imisebenzi yoMkhandlu Wezokuphepha WeNyukliya
Ukuqinisekisa ngokuphelele amandla enuzi akulula. Lolu hlobo lwamandla ngokwawo aluyona ingozi, kepha izimo zemfucuza ziyingozi. Ama-reactor enyukliya angahluleka futhi, noma ngabe kungalindelekile, inhlekelele efana naleyo ehlangabezane nayo IChernobyl neFukushima. Njengoba besho, zimbalwa izingozi zendiza, kepha uma kwenzeka eyodwa, iba yimbi kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zokuhamba.
Ukugwema lolu hlobo lwesimo, i-CSN ihlola ukuphepha kwezinsiza kusigaba ngasinye sesikhungo samandla enuzi. Kusukela ekwakhiweni, ekwakhiweni, ekuhlolweni okuhlukahlukene nasekuqedeni nasekuyekiseni umsebenzi. Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, ukuvala isizinda samandla enuzi ngaphandle kwezindlela zokuphepha kungaba yingozi. Iziphenduli zenuzi azizinzile kakhulu futhi uphethiloli udinga ukupholisa. Uma kungekho mthombo wamandla wokupholisa okokusebenza, kungadala izingozi.
UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha WeNyukliya unesibopho sokuhlola konke ukuthunyelwa kwezinto zenuzi kanye nezinto ezikhipha imisebe. Ukusebenza ngemisebe kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kungathinta abantu ngemuva kwezizukulwane. Ngalesi sizathu, i-CSN ilawula futhi iqaphe amazinga we-radioactivity, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezakhiwo.
Yonke imibiko ekhishwe uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha Wenuzi iyimpoqo futhi iyabopha. Yizinto eziqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwemisebe yabantu nemvelo.
Isakhiwo se-CSN
I-CSN yakhiwe ngamakhansela amahlanu. Laba beluleki baqokelwa ukuba nolwazi oluthe xaxa kwezobuchwepheshe, ukwahlulela okuhle, nokwahlulela. Abeluleki yibona abaphethe ukuthatha izinqumo ezinzima, ngoba ukuphepha kwesikhungo samandla enuzi kuyinto ebucayi. Lokhu kudinga ulwazi olukhulu nekhono lokuxazulula izinkinga ezingaba khona.
Ngaphezu kwamakhansela amahlanu, i-CSN ineNuclear Safety and Radiological Protection Technical Corps, eyakhiwe ngochwepheshe abangaba ngu-400 abasebenza njengabasizi. Lapho kufanele kwenziwe izinqumo njengokufeza iphrojekthi, bonke abeluleki kanye neTechnical Corps bayahlangana ukuxoxa.
Zonke izikhungo zamandla enuzi zaseSpain zinabahloli ababili be-CSN. Laba bahloli baqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesitshalo. Bahlala bakhipha imibiko ngendlela yamarekhodi ukulawula imisebenzi yesitshalo ngasinye. I-CSN iphethe ukuthola nokwenziwa kwedatha. Abahloli bakhululekile ukuhambahamba esikhungweni samandla enuzi futhi bathole yonke imibhalo ekhona. Zonke izinsuku zonyaka ngaphandle kokukhetha, uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha Wenuzi ubukeza futhi uqinisekise ngamakhemikhali enuzi ayisishiyagalombili asebenza eSpain. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi isimo se-reactors ngaso sonke isikhathi nokwazi ukuthi zisebenza ngokuya ngezidingo zokuphepha ezidingwa ngumthetho, kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe.
Amakhono
UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha WeNyukliya unikwe amandla okwenza izinto ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngesimo. Uma isizinda samandla enuzi sisebenza futhi sinokuhlukahluka okuthile okungaba yingozi (njengemisebe eyeqile), i-CSN kungamisa ukusebenza noma ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi, i-CSN kufanele yazi amalayisense abantu ababhekele ukusebenza. Abantu abasebenza esikhungweni samandla enuzi kufanele baqeqeshwe futhi bazi ukuthi yini esezandleni zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyakwazi ukutadisha ithonya elenziwa yizikhungo emvelweni. Ingozi esitshalweni samandla enuzi ayiyona ingozi kubantu nasemadolobheni kuphela. Umonakalo ongadala imvelo ungahlala kuze kube amakhulu eminyaka.
Imvelo iyakwazi ukululama kancane kancane emonakalweni odalwe yisikhungo samandla enuzi. Bona ukuvuselelwa kwendawo eseduze ye- IChernobyl. Kodwa-ke, imisebe iyaqhubeka kuzakhi zofuzo zezinto eziphilayo futhi ingadala ukuguquka kwezizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Ngalesi sizathu, uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha Kwenuzi kumele ubeke imikhawulo nemibandela yokusebenza kwalezi zikhungo. Umkhawulo kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi awukho umthelela wemisebe ongamukeleki kubantu kanye nasemvelweni.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi, kufanele ligcine umbono womphakathi unolwazi ngazo zonke izindaba ezithintekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igcina inolwazi ngesimo nge ICongress of Deputies neSenate, ukulungiselela uMbiko othola ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi komphakathi.
Yini okufanele uyenze esimweni esiphuthumayo?
Uma kwenzeka ingozi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwansuku zonke kwesikhungo samandla enuzi, i-CSN kufanele akhiphe isimemezelo esiphuthumayo. Isimo esiphuthumayo kungaba ngesenuzi noma ngemisebe, ngokuya ngohlobo lwaso. Uma kuyinyukliya, kungenxa yokuthi kwenzeke inkinga nge-reactor futhi kungahle kube nodoti oyingozi. Uma kuyi-radiology, kungenxa yokuthi amazinga emisebe angaphezulu kwaleyo evunyelwe futhi iyingozi.
Ukukhishwa kwesimo esiphuthumayo kuhilela ukwenziwa kusebenze kwe-Emergency Response Organisation (ORE) yoMkhandlu Wezokuphepha Wenuzi ngemodi 1. Igumbi Lezimo Eziphuthumayo le-CSN (iSalem) lisebenza ngendlela yokuxwayisa amahora angama-24 ngosuku unyaka wonke. ORE Mode 1 kusebenze imodi yokuphendula yokuqala esunguliwe.
Lapho isimo esiphuthumayo sesikhishiwe, ukuxhumana kuqala umkhakha ukuze kutholakale isimo bese kubizwa bonke ochwepheshe be-CSN nabachwepheshe. Ukuthola umbono wochwepheshe abaningi, imidiya yangaphandle iyasebenza. Kubandakanya usizo lwabanye ochwepheshe abatholakala eMkhandlwini ezimweni eziphuthumayo.
Lapho isimo sesihlaziyiwe, ukuhlolwa kuqala ngokutholakala kwengozi kanye nesibikezelo. Kusuka lapha izincomo ezidingekayo zikhishwa ukuvikela nokudlulisela abantu ezindaweni eziphephile.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, amandla enuzi adinga izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuphepha ukuze asetshenziswe kahle. I-CSN ibheka ukuphepha kwethu ngokuqhubekayo.