Impela uyazi amandla enuzi futhi uyazi ukuthi amandla kagesi akhiqizwa kuwo. Kodwa-ke, ungahle ungazi ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kusuka kuziphi izinto ezakhiwe nokuthi iziphi izinzuzo nobubi enakho. Kule ndatshana sizogxila ekuchazeni yonke into ephathelene namandla enuzi, kusukela ekuthini kuyini ukuthi isebenza kanjani kanye nobuhle bayo.
Ngabe ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngamandla enuzi? Qhubeka ufunde ukuze wazi okwengeziwe.
Ayini amandla enuzi?
Amandla enyukliya ayaziwa nangokuthi amandla e-athomu futhi yilokho okutholakala ekuphendukeni kwenuzi. Izinhlayiya ze-Nuclei neze-athomu yizona ezihamba phambili kulo msebenzi. Ukusabela kungenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo nangokubangelwa ngumuntu. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwamandla lusebenza kahle.
Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kufaka ezinye izingozi okudingeka ukuthi zazi ngokujula ukugcina ukuphepha, kokubili kwabasebenzi kanye nedolobha lonke. Amandla enyukliya yilokho akhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwe-athomu. Ngaphakathi kwe-athomu ngayinye kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlayiya ezibizwa ngama-neutron nama-proton. Ama-electron ahlala ezungeza kubo, enikeza inkokhelo kagesi. Ukuze ukhiqize ugesi ngamandla, kufanele uwakhiphe lawo mandla ku-nucleus yama-athomu. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwenuzi noma Ukulwa kwenuzi. Ukuhlukaniswa kwenuzi kusetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamandla enuzi njengenqubo yokukhiqiza ugesi.
La mandla awasebenzeli ukukhiqiza ugesi kuphela, kepha kukhona neminye imikhakha efana imithi, imboni noma izikhali, okwakhe amandla enyukliya ayimpahla eluhlaza kakhulu.
Wenziwa kanjani amandla enuzi
Njengoba sesiphawulile, amandla enuzi akhiwa kusuka kuzinqubo zefission nokuhlangana. Inani lamandla elingatholwa ngalezi zinqubo likhulu kakhulu kunezinye. Ikona ukungalingani odabeni ngesikhathi sokuphendula, esikhiqiza amandla.
Kungashiwo ukuthi kule ndawo, inani elincane lesisindo liyakwazi ukunikeza amandla amaningi. Ukwenza isibonelo futhi sizwisisane kangcono, inani lamandla elingakhiqizwa ikhilogremu le-uranium lilingana nalelo elizokhiqiza amathani angama-200 amalahle.
Njengoba ubona, umehluko phakathi kokukhiqizwa kwamandla uyahlaba umxhwele. Lokhu kuyenza ibe ngenye yamandla ashibhile, kepha ngezingozi ezithile okufanele zibhekwe.
Izitshalo zamandla enuzi kanye nenani labantu
Abantu basebenzise amandla enuzi ukuthola ugesi isikhathi eside impela. Ngenxa yalokhu, izikhungo zamandla enuzi zakhiwe futhi, eSpain, sine- UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha Wenuzi (CSN) elibhekele ukuqapha yonke imisebenzi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhashazwa kwalolu hlobo lwamandla kuphephe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Futhi kungenxa yokuthi ngenxa yamakhemikhali enyukliya ukusabela okulawulwayo kungenzeka. Ukukhiqiza ugesi, izikhungo zamandla enuzi zisebenzisa okubizwa ngezinto zokwakha fissile ekuphenduleni kwenuzi ukuhlinzeka ngokushisa. Lokhu kushisa bese kusetshenziswa umjikelezo we-thermodynamic ukushayela enye i-alternator namandla kagesi akhiqizwa. Lokhu kungukusebenza okujwayelekile kwesikhungo samandla enuzi.
Into ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuthi izitshalo zisebenzisa izinto zamakhemikhali ezifana ne-uranium ne-plutonium. Yize lokhu kuphendula nokukhiqizwa kwamandla kungalethi amagesi angcolisayo emkhathini, kukhiqiza imfucumfucu enemisebe engcolisa kakhulu futhi eyingozi. Ukwelashwa kwayo okulungile kugcinwa ezinqolobaneni ezikude nezilawulwayo.
Lapho usebenzisa umthombo wamandla ovela kufissile element, kufanele uhlale uzinzile isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uphathwe futhi izinto ezi-3 kuphela ezihlangabezana nesimo I-Uranium 233, i-Uranium 235 nePlutonium.
Ngaphandle kwama-reactor enuzi, le nto ngeke isetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza ugesi. Ngaphakathi kwesiphenduli kukhona uphethiloli futhi kulapho kwenzeka khona ukufakwa okulawulwayo.
Ubungozi bezitshalo zamandla enuzi
Njengoba sigqamise kaningi, amandla enuzi ashibhile kepha aqukethe izingozi ezithile. Banesibopho sokukhipha ukungcola okungaqondile okuvela ekwakhiweni nasekwakhiweni kukaphethiloli uqobo kanye nokuphathwa okulandelayo kwemfucumfucu enemisebe. Lezi zimfucuza zivame ukuphonswa emifuleni futhi zingalawulwa ezikhathini eziningi.
Akuseyona imfucuza kuphela engcolisa amanzi nenhlabathi okuyingozi. Uma unokusabela okungalawulwa kwenuzi, izinhlekelele ezifana izingozi zaseChernobyl neFukushima nezinye izingozi ezenzeke emlandweni.
Izinzuzo zamandla enuzi
Lapho sicabanga ngamandla enuzi, siwacabanga njengamandla amakhulu futhi ayingozi ukuphatha. Uma ukhuluma ngakho, akunakugwemeka ukucabanga ngamabhomu e-athomu aseHiroshima naseNagasaki nezinhlekelele zaseChernobyl naseFukushima. Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke into engeyinhle ezitshalweni zamandla enuzi. Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokusebenzisa la mandla.
- Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, kungamandla ahlanze kahle futhi awadingi okubaswayo. Uma imfucumfucu enemisebe ilawulwa kahle, ayikhiphi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokungcola. Lokhu kusiza ekwehliseni amagesi angcolisayo emkhathini kanye nokushisa komhlaba.
- Isiqinisekiso sayo sokutholakala kukagesi sihlala njalo, okusho ukuthi, sihlinzeka ngogesi amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku ezingama-365 ngonyaka.
- Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwayo kungaguquguquki, namanani entengo nawo. Uwoyela ukhonjelwe esinqumweni sezinkampani eziningi futhi intengo yaso iyashintsha njalo.
- Amandla enuzi ashibhile uma sicabangela inani lamandla elikwazi ukukhiqiza. Ukukhiqiza amandla enuzi, kuncane okubalulekile okusetshenziswayo (i-uranium noma i-plutonium) ngokulondolozwa okulandelayo ezintweni zokwakha (i-uranium imele cishe ikota yemali ekhishwa ukukhiqiza amandla enuzi) kepha futhi nasezokuthutha, ukugcina, ingqalasizinda yokukhipha, njll.
- Akuncikile ezintweni zemvelo noma zemvelo njengamandla avuselelekayo.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, amandla enuzi aphelele impela futhi, yize kucatshangwa kabanzi ngemisebe nomdlavuza, kuyindlela enhle yokugwema ukushisa komhlaba.