Amafutha ezimbiwa phansi

Kukhiqizwa uphethiloli

Amafutha ezimbiwa phansi Bangumthombo oyinhloko wamandla esinawo emhlabeni wonke. Kuyisethi yezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo ebezikhona eMhlabeni futhi, ngemuva kokubekwa emlilweni nasekucindezelweni koqweqwe lomhlaba amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka, sekwakhiwe futhi kuqukethe inani elikhulu lamandla. Ukwakheka kwayo kungenxa yenqubo yemvelo yokubola kwe-aerobic yezinto ezifile nezangcwatshwa. Eminyakeni edlule, lokhu kubola kube yi-hydrocarbon ekwazi ukuqukethe amandla.

Kule ndatshana sizogxila ekuchazeni izici, ukusetshenziswa, imvelaphi kanye nemiphumela yesibili yamafutha asezimbonini. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi konke ngabo?

Amafutha ezimbiwa phansi njengomthombo wamandla

Uphethiloli njengophethiloli wezinsalela

Umhlaba wethu ulokhu ushintsha njalo. Intuthuko yezomnotho eyaveza uguquko kwezimboni yenza umphakathi wethu uguquke. Umphakathi osebenze ngokuphelele lapho intuthuko yezomnotho ixhunyaniswa nemithombo yamandla.

Amandla adliwa ngumuntu nsuku zonke ukwenza yonke imisebenzi atholakala emithonjeni ehlukene. Ezinye zazo zikhona imithombo evuselelekayo nabanye hhayi. Okwamanje, umhlaba wethu ungena ikakhulu ngamandla angavuseleleki angcolisa umhlaba.

Amandla ezinsalela atholakala ngomlilo wezinto ezithile eziqhamuka ezinsaleleni zezitshalo nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo ebezibola eminyakeni edlule. Ezigidini zeminyaka eyedlule, lezi zinsalela zangcwatshwa yimiphumela yezimo zemvelo nokwenziwa kwama-microorganisms. Lapho sebengcwatshwe kuqweqwe lomhlaba, babezibophezele ezimeni zengcindezi kanye nokushisa okuphezulu okubanikeze izici zabo zamanje.

Izinhlobo zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi

Izinsalela zikaphethiloli

Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi zisetshenziselwa ukuthola amandla. Ngamunye unezimpawu nemvelaphi ehlukile. Noma kunjalo, zonke ziqukethe inani elikhulu lamandla elisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile.

Ngokulandelayo sizochaza okuyinhloko:

  • Amaminerali carbon. Yilahle lamalahle ebelisetshenziselwa izitimela. Ngokuyinhloko ikhabhoni itholakala kumadiphozi amakhulu emhlabathini. Ukuyikhipha, izimayini zakhiwa lapho kusetshenziswa khona insiza.
  • Uphethiloli. Kuyingxubevange yama-hydrocarbon anhlobonhlobo esigabeni soketshezi. Yakhiwe nokunye ukungcola okukhulu futhi isetshenziselwa ukuthola izinto zokubasa ezahlukahlukene nemikhiqizo.
  • Igesi yemvelo. Yakhiwe ikakhulu ngegesi yemethane. Lo gesi uhambelana nengxenye elula kakhulu yama-hydrocarbon. Ngakho-ke kuthiwa igesi yemvelo ayingcolisi kangako futhi ayihlanzekile. Ikhishwa emikhakheni kawoyela ngesimo segesi.
  • Izihlabathi zetar nama shales kawoyela. Ziyizinto ezakhiwe yizihlabathi ezinosayizi oqukethe izinsalela ezincane zezinto eziphilayo. Le nto ephilayo yakhiwa ngezinto ezibolile ezinokwakheka okufana ncamashi nokawoyela.

Amandla enuzi nawo abhekwa njengohlobo lwamafutha ezimbiwa phansi. Ikhishwa ngenxa yempendulo yenuzi ebizwa ngokuthi Ukulwa kwenuzi. Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-nuclei yama-athomu asindayo njenge-uranium noma i-plutonium.

Ukwakhiwa kukawoyela

Isizinda samafutha

I-petroleum inguphethiloli wezinsalela ovela emgqonyeni wezibi zemvelo ephilayo yasemanzini, yezilwane neyezitshalo. Lezi zidalwa eziphilayo zazihlala olwandle, amachibi kanye nemilomo eduze nolwandle.

Uwoyela uphakathi lezo zindaba ezinomsuka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi udaba olwenziwe lwalungokwemvelo futhi lwalufakwa lumbozwa yinzika. Ekujuleni nasekujuleni, ngesenzo sokucindezelwa koqweqwe lomhlaba, yaguqulwa yaba yi-hydrocarbon.

Le nqubo ithatha izigidi zeminyaka ngesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, yize uwoyela ukhiqizwa ngokuqhubekayo, wenza njalo ngezinga elincane lesilinganiso somuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kukawoyela senziwa ukuthi izinsuku zokuphelelwa ngamandla kwazo sezivele zihlelelwe. Ekuphenduleni kokwakhiwa kukawoyela, amabhaktheriya e-aerobic aqala ukusebenza bese kuthi ama-anaerobic bacteria kamuva, ngokujula okukhulu. Lokhu kusabela kukhipha umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen nesibabule. Lezi zinto ezintathu ziyingxenye yezakhi eziguquguqukayo zama-hydrocarbon.

Njengoba izidalwa zihlanganiswa nomphumela wengcindezi, kwakheka idwala. Ngokulandelayo, ngenxa yemiphumela yokufuduka, uwoyela uqala ukumithisa wonke amadwala angena kakhulu futhi angena kalula. Lawa matshe abiziwe "Amatshe okugcina impahla." Lapho uwoyela ugxila futhi uhlala kuwo. Ngale ndlela, izinqubo zokukhipha uwoyela zenzelwa ukuxhashazwa kwazo njengophethiloli.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

Amandla enyukliya

Amafutha ezimbiwa phansi anezinzuzo nezinkinga ezithile uma kuziwa ekuwasebenziseni njengomthombo wamandla. Ake sizihlaziye:

  • Inqwaba yamadiphozithi. Noma kukhulunywa ngokuncipha kwayo okulandelayo, izinqolobane zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi kusamele zisinikeze zona. Ngokukhula kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuncipha nsuku zonke.
  • Ukutholakala kwezinqolobane akulula kakhulu okwamanje. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, njengoba kulula ukukhipha, izindleko zokusebenza kwezomnotho ziyancipha.
  • Inikeza amandla amaningi ngentengo ephansi. Kumele kuthiwe, yize zingasizi isikhathi eside, zingamandla aqinile futhi ashibhile.
  • Ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa kwayo kushibhile futhi kulula. Ngokungafani namandla avuselelekayo, ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa kwamafutha ezimbiwa kulula. Ama-Renewables anezithiyo kokunye izinhlelo zokugcina.

Okubi kubanzi ngoba ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi. Sizoxoxa ngazo ngezingxenye.

Ububi bemvelo

Ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa

Ukushisa, ukukhipha, ukucubungula kanye nokuhambisa lawa mafutha anomphumela oqondile ngomphumela wokushisa. Cishe Amaphesenti angama-80 ekhabhoni dioxide emhlabeni jikelele zivela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okubasa.

Imiphumela yezempilo

nebubi

Inani labantu lithinteka ukungcola futhi lihlaselwa yizifo zokuphefumula nezenhliziyo. Imikhakha ebucayi kakhulu yabantu ngabesifazane abakhulelwe, asebekhulile nezingane. Izingane zithinteka kakhulu, ngoba ngokugijima kakhulu ngenkathi udlala, ziphefumula umoya futhi ziphuza amanzi amaningi. I-metabolism yakho ayikakhiwa ngokwanele ukuqeda izinto eziyingozi.

Masethembe ukuthi amandla avuselelekayo azothatha indawo yezibaseli futhi athuthukise izinga lempilo.


Amazwana, shiya okwakho

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.

  1.   IGUADALUPE GOMEZ HERNANDEZ kusho

    NGIYABONGA NGESIHLOKO SAKHO ESISEMVENI KUSICACISWE KAHLE