Yize le kuyibhulogi yamandla avuselelekayo, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya nokwazi ukubaluleka kwe- amandla angavuseleleki kule planethi. Futhi lokho kusenjalo, iningi leplanethi linikezwa lolu hlobo lwamandla. Ubunzima obukhulu abanabo ukungcoliswa abakukhiqizayo ngenkathi besetshenziswa futhi bekhishwa. Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zemvelo nasekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu okwaziwayo.
Sizohlaziya ngokuphelele zonke izinhlobo zamandla angavuseleleki kanye nemiphumela ukusetshenziswa kwazo okunakho emhlabeni. Ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe?
Incazelo yamandla angavuseleleki
Ukuze singazenzi izinto zibe nzima kakhulu, sichaza amandla angavuseleleki njenge lowo mthombo wamandla ophela ngesikhathi. Yize ubude besikhathi sabo bude, ekugcineni bazophela futhi, njengoba kusasele izinqolobane ezimbalwa, zizobiza kakhulu noma zingcolise imvelo.
Ngokwehlukile kunamandla avuselelekayo, izindlalifa zomhlaba. Bayakwazi ukululama ngokwemvelo ngesikhathi esifushane. Amandla angavuseleleki anezindlela zokuthola ngomthombo ophela amandla. Khumbula ukuthi igama elithi qeda libhekisa esikalini somuntu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinqubo ezithile zemvelo njengokuqongelelwa kwekhabhoni ukukhiqiza uwoyela kuthatha iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-500 ukwakheka.
Ngokusobala, ikhabhoni ingathathwa njengamandla avuselelekayo, ngoba phela, njengoba kudalwa izinto eziphilayo, uwoyela wakhiwa. Kepha hhayi ngokwesilinganiso somuntu. Ngamanye amagama, uwoyela esiwuqedayo njengamanje ngeke ukwazi ukuwuvuselela ngezinga impilo yomuntu eliwudinga ngalo.
Ngokuvamile, amandla angavuseleleki lawo asebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lukaphethiloli (uwoyela, amalahle, i-uranium ...). Ngenkathi amandla avuselelekayo esebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zezinsizakusebenza zamandla (imisebe yelanga, amandla omoya, amandla wokubacindezela, amandla olwandle, njll.). Kunenkulumo yokuthi maduze nje, uphethiloli ungaba nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezivuselelekayo ezifana ne-hydrogen.
Imithombo yamandla engavuseleleki
Kunemithombo emibili yamandla ephela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi yile elandelayo:
- Imithombo ejwayelekile yamandla angavuseleleki. Bangamandla okubasa asaziwa ngokuthi ngamalahle, uwoyela negesi yemvelo. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwezinto ezithile kubhekwa njengamandla angavuseleleki.
- Imithombo yamandla engavuseleleki engajwayelekile. Le mithombo ivela kuma-agrofuels, ama-biofuels noma ama-fuel. Izitshalo zamandla enuzi ezifana ne-uranium ne-plutonium esetshenziselwe amandla enuzi.
Noma kunjalo amandla we-geothermal kubhekwa njengohlobo lwe- amandla avuselelweko, kukhona uhlobo oluthile kuphela lwamandla adonsela phansi asebenzisa amanzi ashisayo angathathwa njengangavuseleleki ezindaweni ezithile.
Amandla ezimbiwa kanye nezinsizakusebenza ezingavuseleleki
Amandla we-fossil ayingcenye yamandla angavuseleleki. Sibhekisa emandleni akhiqizwayo ngenxa yalokhu okungenhla izinto zokubasa phambilini. Imithombo enkulu yezinsalela Amalahle, uwoyela negesi yemvelo. Babizwa ngokuthi izinsiza ezivamile zezinsalela. Izinsizakusebenza ezimbiwa phansi azikho ngendlela yazo yamanje futhi zikhona kumadiphozithi okunzima ukufinyelela kuwo.
Izinsizakusebenza ezingavuseleleki zihlobene kakhulu namandla angavuseleleki. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi zonke izinsizakusebenza ezichithwa ngezinga eliphakeme kunalezo ezenziwe kabusha ziyizinsizakusebenza ezingavuseleleki. Lokhu kwenzeka nangezinto zokwakha kanye namaminerali, hhayi ngamandla kuphela.
Amalahle, isibonelo, angenye yamaminerali angavuseleleki amandla atholakala ngawo. Ukugcinwa kwamalahle emhlabeni wonke sekuvele kunesikhathi esinqunyelwe. Ebhekene nalokhu, ohulumeni emhlabeni jikelele kumele bafune ezinye izindlela ngokuya amandla aluhlaza.
Amaminerali asemhlabeni nawensimbi
Lezi yizibonelo zezinsizakusebenza ezingavuseleleki. Izinsimbi ngokwazo zikhona ngobuningi emgqonyeni womhlaba. Ukukhishwa kwabo ngabantu kwenzeka kuphela uma kugxilwe yizinqubo zemvelo ezifana nokushisa, ingcindezi, isimo sezulu, amandla okushisa nezinye izinqubo. Lezi zinqubo kumele zisebenzele ezomnotho ukuqala ukukhishwa kwazo.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze lawa amaminerali agcwaliswe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuthatha amashumi ezinkulungwane kuya ezigidini zeminyaka. Imali efakwe endaweni enenqwaba yamaminerali ensimbi eduze komhlaba ingagaywa ngabantu. Azikwazi ukuvuselelwa ngokwesilinganiso somuntu. Kunamaminerali nezakhi ezithile emhlabeni ongavamile obubala futhi ophela kakhulu kunabanye. Lezi zinto zidingeka kakhulu embonini, ikakhulukazi i-elekthronikhi.
Iningi lamaminerali athathwa njengolulula kakhulu ukulethwa kunamandla okubasa, ngoba izimo zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi zinzima kakhulu futhi zikhawulelwe kunezimo zamaminerali ezensimbi okufanele zenziwe.
Izinhlobo zamandla angavuseleleki
Masiqhubeke sigxile ezinhlotsheni zamandla angavuseleleki asetshenziswa ngabantu:
- Amafutha. Kuyinto enoketshezi olunemibala ebonakalayo zombili ziluhlaza, ziphuzi, nsundu noma zimnyama nokuthi yakhiwe ngama-hydrocarbon. Ukwakhiwa kukawoyela kwaqala eminyakeni eyizigidi eyedlule lapho uMhlaba wawuyiplanethi embozwe ngamanzi. Izinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba kanye nokusebenza kwamagciwane ngemuva kwezigidi zeminyaka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwakha le ngxube yama-hydrocarbon.
- Igesi yemvelo ngomunye umthombo wamandla ongavuseleleki. Ngophethiloli wezinsalela eziqukethe enye inhlanganisela yama-hydrocarbon. Njengamafutha, akhona ngenxa yesenzo samabhaktheriya angaphansi komhlaba izigidi zeminyaka edlule.
- Amalahle yidwala elenziwe ngekhabhoni nezinye izinto. Ngonyaka we-1990 kwaba amandla ahlanganisa ngaphezu kwe-27% yazo zonke izidingo zomhlaba.
- Amandla enuzi yakhiwa ngenqubo eyaziwa njenge Ukulwa kwenuzi. Ngenxa yokushayisana kwama-neutron ngesivinini esikhulu, amandla angakhiwa. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-uranium 233 ne-plutonium 239.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, amandla avuselelekayo ayadingeka ukuqeda ukungcola nokuqedwa kwamafutha ezimbiwa phansi.