Ukuhamba kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokuyihlanganisa nokusimama. Iqiniso lokuthi kufanele uhambe amabanga amade noma phakathi kwamadolobha selivele lifaka ukusetshenziswa kolunye uhlobo lwe uphethiloli wezinsalela nokungcola kwayo okuhambisanayo. Kuningi imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo ezizama ukugqobhoza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini futhi zibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni imvelo yasemadolobheni.
Namuhla sizokhuluma ngomuzi kanye ne ukuhamba okusimeme, sihlaziya izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezenziwayo ukunciphisa ukungcola, ukuthuthukisa ezokuhamba, kanye nakho, nezinga lempilo. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngayo?
Imisebenzi yezomnotho yomuntu
Ama-51% omphakathi womhlaba ahlala emadolobheni kuthi abanye basale ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ngo-2030 kulinganiselwa ukuthi ama-82% azohlala emadolobheni. Ngakho-ke, eminye imihlahlandlela yokuhamba esimeme idinga ukusungulwa ukunciphisa imithelela eyenzayo. Ngempela, ukusimama kwamadolobha yilokho okuzokhomba ukusimama komhlaba wonke.
Ngokombiko we-TERM 2013 we-European Environment Agency, ngo-2011 uthi U-12,5% wakho konke ukukhishwa kwegesi ekhipha ukushisa okukhishwa e-European Union kuvela kwezokuthutha zasedolobheni. Yilokho esishilo ngaphambili, iqiniso lokuthi kufanele sithuthe, hhayi thina kuphela, uma kungezona zonke izinkampani ezidinga ukuhanjiswa kokudla, izinsiza, uphethiloli, njll.
Futhi amadolobha amaningi emazweni athuthukile ancike emizileni yokwandisa ukuhamba kwezimoto. Ngamanye amagama, sihlala emadolobheni lapho kunendawo enkulu yezimoto kunabantu. Ngemuva kwenguquko yezimoto, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba kushintshe kakhulu. Ngokukhula kwamadolobha nokwanda kwamabanga phakathi kohambo, isilinganiso somuntu lapho bekungenziwa khona ngezinyawo noma ngebhayisikili bekunganele futhi kuthuthwa ngemishini bekudingeka.
Imodeli yedolobha elihlanganisiwe ihlale ikakhulu ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni lapho kuvame ukuba nezindawo zabahamba ngezinyawo ezinkulu nokugcwala komgwaqo okuncane. Kodwa-ke, imingcele nezindawo zamadolobha amakhulu zikhule ngokungalingani futhi nobunzima obubandakanya lokhu lapho kuhlinzekwa ngezinsizakalo zezokuthutha zomphakathi. Ngalesi sizathu, imoto isiphenduke ithuluzi elibalulekile emndenini ojwayelekile.
Ukungcola komgwaqo
Ngakho konke lokhu, ukungcoliswa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kukhula ngesihluku, ngoba umndeni ngamunye unesilinganiso esiphakathi kwezimoto ezi-1 nezi-2. Ngokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda ngenxa yeziminyaminya, izingqalasizinda zethu zakhiwa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamadolobha ukubhekela ukuminyana kwezimoto. Lokhu bekungeke kugcine lapha, kepha lezi zingqalasizinda ezintsha nazo seziwile ngenxa yokuminyana kwezimoto futhi kuyadingeka ukwandisa amabanga futhi, ngawo, nezindleko zamandla ohambo.
Zonke lezi zinyathelo eziguqulelwe ekuguqukeni nasekukhuleni kwenani labantu emhlabeni zenza kube nempendulo yokungazinzi nobunzima boku-oda insimu kahle. Njengoba isiminyaminya siyimbangela eyinhloko yokungcola emadolobheni, imodeli yedolobha kufanele ishintshe ukunciphisa imithelela futhi yakhe indawo enempilo.
Ukugcizelelwa kumele kubekwe kumodi yokuhamba kwabantu. Ukuhlaziya umthelela womhlaba wonke wamadolobha yindlela umuntu athola ngayo ukuthi yakhelwe izimoto hhayi eyabantu. Amadolobha kufanele kube awabantu futhi kunezinye izindlela ezingeyona ingozi yokuhambahamba. Yilapho isenzo sokuhamba okubizwa ngokuqhubekayo singena khona. Kuyadingeka impela ukungenelela emaphethini wokuhamba kwamadolobha kusetshenziswa izinqubomgomo zomphakathi ukushintsha umqondo wedolobha.
Ukuhamba okusimeme njengesiqondiso esiyinhloko emadolobheni
Yize kubantu abaningi (uma kungenjalo iningi) imoto isibe yinto ebalulekile futhi abakwazi ukucabanga impilo ngaphandle kwayo, kunezifundo ezibonisa ukuthi, emadolobheni amakhulu, ezokuthutha ezizimele azisebenzi kahle. Ngamanye amagama, uma kufanele usuke kwenye indawo uye kwenye edolobheni, kulula ukwenza lokho ngokuhamba komphakathi, ngebhayisikili noma ngezinyawo, kunemoto yakho. Hhayi nje kuphela ngenxa yesikhathi esilahlekile esiminyaminyeni sezimoto namarobhothi, kepha futhi nangenxa yezindleko zikaphethiloli zemoto.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhamba ngokusebenzisa imodeli ehambisa izinketho zokuhamba futhi inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwemoto. Yilapho sibeka khona ama-tolls asemadolobheni, amamitha okupaka, ukwehliswa kwenani lezindawo zokupaka, imali ekhokhwayo, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezithuthi zomphakathi, ukukhuthazwa kwezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokugibela, ukusetshenziswa kwamabhayisikili nokwakhiwa kwemizila eguquliwe, okubaluleke kakhulu kwamarobhothi ezithuthi zomphakathi, njll.
Ukufika kwe izimoto ezi-hybrid y kagesi thuthukisa ikhwalithi yomoya ngokunciphisa ukungcola. Akunciphisi ukusetshenziswa kwemoto kuphela, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwalabo abayisebenzisayo. Kukhona namanye amasu ahlose ukwehlisa amabanga okumele enziwe ngemoto nokuwahlanganisa nezithuthi zomphakathi noma ngebhayisikili. Ngale ndlela, kuzokwakhiwa amapaki ezimoto ezivimbelayo.
Amasu wokuhamba asimeme emadolobheni
Kuyo yonke imihlahlandlela esungulwe njengelusizo ekuthuthukiseni ukuhamba okusimeme, bambalwa kuphela okuyibo abasebenza ngempela. Yilezo lapho isimo samadolobha siguqulwe khona. Kungeziwe ukuhamba ngezinyawo ngezindawo eziseqhulwini zokuhlala, kanye nezinkundla zokuhamba zomphakathi, ukuphathwa nokuhlelwa kwezindawo zomphakathi, njll. Zonke lezi zenzo zihloselwe ukuvumela abantu ukuthi bathole leso sikhala esathathwa kubo emadolobheni ngezimoto.
Zonke izinyathelo ezidinga ukwenziwa ezintweni zedolobha ziyaqokonyiswa, njengokwakhiwa kwemizila yamabhayisikili, ukuphuma emizileni yamabhasi, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, njll. Ngale ndlela, ukusetshenziswa okungcono kwezinsizakusebenza kuzoqinisekiswa futhi nenani lokukhishwa kwegesi engcolisayo lizoncishiswa. Ngokubambisana singathuthukisa impilo emadolobheni futhi sikhuphule izinga lempilo. Ekuhambeni okusimeme kuyisihluthulelo.