Enye yeenkqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi amandla elanga yiyo isiphumo se-photovoltaic. Yimpembelelo yefoto apho umbane uveliswa khona ohamba usuka kwelinye icala uye kwelinye owenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zinto zivelisiwe kukukhanya kwelanga okanye kwimitha ye-electromagnetic. Esi siphumo sibalulekile ekudaleni amandla ombane avela kwiiseli ze-photovoltaic zeepaneli zelanga.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba zisebenza njani iiphaneli zelanga kunye nefuthe le-photovoltaic, yile post yakho
Yintoni iimpembelelo ze-photovoltaic?
Xa sisebenzisa iphaneli yelanga ukufumana amandla ombane, into esiyisebenzisayo kukuba amandla afunwa ngamasuntswana emitha yelanga ukuwuguqula ube lulutho kumbane ombane wasekhaya. Iiseli ze-Photovoltaic sisixhobo semiconductor esenziwe ikakhulu yisilicon. Ezi seli ze-photovoltaic zinokungcola kwezinye izinto zeekhemikhali. Nangona kunjalo, i-silicon izama ukuba njengobungqongqo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Iiseli ze-Photovoltaic ziyakwazi ukuvelisa umbane ngokusuka ngqo ngqo usebenzisa amandla avela kwimitha yelanga. Ingxaki ngolu hlobo lomjelo kukuba ayisetyenziselwa ikhaya. Amandla aqhubekayo kufuneka aguqulwe enze amanye amandla ukuze awasebenzise. Oku kufuna i Inverter yamandla.
Into eyenziwa sisiphumo se-photovoltaic kukuvelisa amandla ombane avela kwimitha yelanga. Le radiation iza ngohlobo lobushushu kwaye siyabulela koku kuguqulwa kube ngumbane. Ukuze oku kwenzeke, iiseli ze-photovoltaic kufuneka zibekwe kuthotho kunye neepaneli zelanga. Oku kwenziwa ukuze ukwazi fumana umbane owaneleyo ovumela ukuvelisa umbane.
Ngokucacileyo, ayisiyiyo yonke imitha yelanga evela emoyeni eguqulwa ibe ngumbane. Inxalenye yayo ilahlekile ngokuboniswa kwaye enye ngokudluliselwa. Oko kukuthi, elinye icandelo libuyiselwa kumoya kwaye elinye icandelo lidluliswa siseli. Ubungakanani bemitha ekwaziyo ukunxibelelana neeseli ze-photovoltaic yiyo le nto yenza ukuba ii-elektroni zitsibe ukusuka kwelinye uluhlu ukuya kolunye. Kuxa kulapho umbane wenziwe ukuba amandla awo alingane nesixa semitha ekugqibeleni ehlasela iiseli.
Iimpawu zempembelelo ye-photovoltaic
Le yimfihlakalo egcinwa kwiiphaneli zelanga. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukhe wema wacinga ukuba angawenza njani umbane ovela elangeni. Ewe, malunga nokuthatha inxaxheba kwezinto ezininzi ezenziwe ngezinto eziqhubayo. Omnye wabo yi-silicon. Yinto ebonisa indlela eyahlukileyo yokuziphatha xa usabela kwisenzo sombane.
Ukuphendula kwezi zinto zinemiconductor kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekubeni umthombo wamandla uyakwazi ukubonwabisa okanye hayi. Oko kukuthi, ii-elektroni ziye kwelinye ilizwe elinamandla ngakumbi. Kule meko, sinomthombo okwaziyo ukonwabisa ezi electron, yimitha yelanga.
Umzuzu a Ifoto Ukudibana ne-electron ukusuka kwi-orbit yokugqibela ye-athomu yesilicon, isiphumo se-photovoltaic siqala. Oku kungqubana kubangela ukuba i-electron ifumane amandla kwi-photon kwaye inokuba nemincili. Ukuba amandla afunyanwa yi-electron kwi-photon aphezulu kunalawo omtsalane wenucleus ye-athomu yesilicon, siya kuba sijongana nokuphuma kwe-elektroni kwi-orbit.
Konke oku kwenza iiathom zisimahla kwaye banokuhamba ngayo yonke imathiriyeli ye-semiconductor. Xa oku kusenzeka, i-silicon esebenza njengokuqhuba iphambukisa onke amandla apho inokuba luncedo khona. Ii-elektroni ezikhutshiweyo kwiirhafu ziya kwezinye iiathom apho kukho iindawo zasimahla. Ukuhamba kwezi electron yinto ebizwa ngokuba yirhafu yangoku.
Iveliswa njani
Ukuhlawulwa kwemisinga kufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa izinto ezenziwayo kunye nokwenza oku kwenzeke ngendlela engagungqiyo ukuze kubekho indawo yombane ehlala ine-polarity rhoqo. Olu luhlobo lwentsimi yombane eqala ukutyhala ii-elektroni kuzo zonke iindlela ukujikeleza umbane.
Ukuba amandla e-electron atyiswa yifoto ayodlula umtsalane wenucleus yeatom yesilicon, iya kuba simahla. Ukuze kwenzeke oku, Amandla okuba nefuthe le-photon kwi-electron okungenani yi-1,2 eV.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwezixhobo ze-semiconductor lunobuncinci bamandla afunekayo ukuze lukhulule ii-elektroni kwiiathom zalo. Kukho iifotoni ezinobude obufutshane kwaye zivela kwimitha ye-ultraviolet. Njengoko sisazi, ezi photon zinezixa ezikhulu zamandla. Kwelinye icala, sifumana abo banobude obude, ke banamandla amancinci. Ezi foton zikwindawo ye-infrared ye-electromagnetic spectrum.
Ubuncinci bamandla afunekayo kwinto nganye ye-semiconductor ukukhupha ii-elektroni kuxhomekeke kwibhendi ye frequency. Eli qela liyazidibanisa nezo ziza kwimitha ye-ultraviolet ukuya kwimibala ebonakalayo. Ngaphantsi koko, azinakho ukukhupha ii-elektroni, ke ngekhe kubekho mbane.
Ingxaki yePhoton
Ukuhamba ngezinto ezibonakalayo ukwahlula ii-elektronon kunokuba nzima ngakumbi. Ayizizo zonke iifotoni ezenza ngokuthe ngqo. Kungenxa yokuba ukuze badlule kwimathiriyeli kufuneka baphulukane namandla. Ukuba abo bakummandla ode kakhulu wobude be-electromagnetic spectrum sele benamandla amancinci, baphela belahleka ngexesha lokudibana nezinto. Xa amandla ephelile, ezinye iifotoni zingqubana kancinane nee-elektroni kwaye azinakho ukuziphambuka. Ezi lahleko azinakuphepheka kwaye zezona zinto zenza ukuba kungabikho 100% yosetyenziso lwelanga.
Olunye ulahleko lwamandla lwenzeka xa iifotoni zidlula kuyo yonke loo nto kwaye azidibani nayo nayiphi na i-electron ukuyibeka endaweni yayo. Le yingxaki engenakuphepheka.
Ndiyathemba ukuba eli nqaku licacisile isiphumo se-photovoltaic.