Nangona iifosili zisalawula iplanethi yethu namhlanje, izinto ezinokuhlaziywa zifumana indlela yazo kwiimarike zawo onke amazwe ehlabathini. Amandla ahlaziywayo zezo zingangcolisi imeko-bume, ezingaphelelwa kwaye ezinakho ukusebenzisa amandla ezinto zomhlaba kunye nezisingqongileyo, ezinjengelanga, umoya, amanzi, njl. Ukwenza umbane. Kuba amafutha eefossil sele eza kugqitywa, izinto ezivuselelekayo zisengomso.
Namhlanje siza kuthetha nzulu malunga photovoltaic amandla elanga. La mandla, mhlawumbi, yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni kwicandelo lezinto ezihlaziyiweyo. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba isebenza njani kwaye isebenzise ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo?
Inkcazo
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuchaza ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye neepropathi, masicacise ukuba yeyiphi amandla elanga e-photovoltaic ayenzelwe abo bangazi kakuhle. Amandla elanga yile nto iyiyo uyakwazi ukusebenzisa amandla elanga ukusuka kumasuntswana ukukhanya ukuvelisa amandla othe kamva waguqulwa waba ngumbane. Lo mthombo wamandla ucoceke ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yoko awungcolisi okusingqongileyo okanye ukhuphe iigesi eziyingozi emoyeni. Ukongeza, inenzuzo enkulu yokuvuselelwa, oko kukuthi, ilanga alizukuphelelwa (okanye ubuncinci iminyaka eliwaka).
Ukuqokelela amandla elanga, kusetyenziselwa iipaneli zelanga ezikwaziyo ukuthatha iifoto zokukhanya ezivela kwimitha yelanga kwaye ziyiguqule zibe ngamandla.
Iveliswa njani i-photovoltaic energy yelanga?
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukuvelisa amandla ombane we-photovoltaic, kufuneka ubambe iifoto zokukhanya ezinemitha yelanga kwaye uzitshintshe zibe ngumbane ukuze uzisebenzise. Oku kunokufezekiswa inkqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-photovoltaic ngokusebenzisa ipaneli yelanga.
Iphaneli yelanga inento ebalulekileyo iseli ye-photovoltaic. Esi sisixhobo semiconductor (esenziwe nge-silicon, umzekelo) esingadingi zinto zihambayo, akukho mafutha, okanye senza ingxolo. Xa le seli ye-photovoltaic iqhubeka ngokukhanya, itsala amandla afumaneka kwiifoto zokukhanya kwaye inceda ukuvelisa amandla, ibeka ii-elektroni ezibanjiswe yintsimi yombane yangaphakathi. Xa oku kusenzeka, ii-elektronon eziqokelelweyo kumphezulu weseli ye-photovoltaic zivelisa umbane oqhubekayo.
Ukusukela ukuba umbane wokuphuma kweeseli ze-photovoltaic usezantsi kakhulu (yi-0,6V kuphela), zibekwe kuthotho lombane zaze zafakwa kwipleyiti yeglasi ngaphambili kunye nenye into enganyangekiyo kukufuma ngaphambili. Ngasemva (ukusukela uninzi yexesha eliya kubekwa emthunzini).
Umanyano lothotho lweeseli ze-photovoltaic kwaye zigqunywe ngezinto ezikhankanyiweyo yenza imodyuli ye-photovoltaic. Kule nqanaba sele ungayithenga imveliso ukuyitshintsha ibe yiphaneli yelanga. Ngokobuchwephesha kunye nohlobo lokusetyenziswa kwayo, le modyuli inendawo engaphezulu kwe-0.1 m² (10 W) ukuya kwi-1 m² (100 W), amaxabiso abonisa umndilili, kunye nokuncipha kwemilinganiselo ye-12 V, 24 V okanye 48 V kuxhomekeke kwisicelo.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, ngenkqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-photovoltaic, amandla afumaneka kumgangatho ophantsi kakhulu kwaye ngoku ngqo La mandla awunakusetyenziselwa ikhaya, ngoko ke kufuneka, kamva, a Inverter yamandla ukuyiguqula ibe yenye ngoku.
Izinto kunye nokusebenza
Izixhobo apho iiseli ze-photovoltaic zikhona zibizwa ngokuba ziipaneli zelanga. Ezi paneli zinokusetyenziswa okuninzi. Zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla kokubini kwiindawo zobuqu, zosapho kunye nezeshishini. Ixabiso layo kwimarike lijikeleze i-7.000 euro. Olona loncedo luphambili kwezi solar panels kukuba ukufakwa kwazo kulula kakhulu kwaye kufuna ulondolozo oluncinci. Banobomi obumalunga neminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30, ke utyalo-mali lubuyiselwe ngokugqibeleleyo.
Ezi panels zelanga kufuneka zifakwe kwindawo echanekileyo. Oko kukuthi, kwezo ndawo zijolise kwelona nani liphezulu leyure ngosuku. Ngale ndlela sinokuthi siwasebenzise ngokupheleleyo amandla elanga kwaye senze umbane ongaphezulu.
Iphaneli yelanga ifuna ibhetri ogcina amandla avelisiweyo ukuze awasebenzise ngezo yure xa kungekho kukhanya kwelanga (njengasebusuku okanye kwiintsuku ezinamafu okanye ezinethayo).
Ngokumalunga nokusebenza kofakelo lwelanga lwe-photovoltaic, kunokuthiwa kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kuqhelwaniso lweepaneli zelanga, ukubekwa kunye nendawo yejografi apho ifakwe khona. Iiyure ezininzi zokukhanya kwelanga kule ndawo, amandla amaninzi anokuveliswa. Uninzi lofakelo lwelanga lubuyisa utyalo-mali malunga neminyaka esi-8. Ukuba ubomi obuncedo beepaneli zelanga yiminyaka engama-25, iyazihlawulela kwaye ufumane inzuzo engaphezulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane we-photovoltaic
Iinkqubo ze-Photovoltaic ezidityaniswe kwigridi
Olunye losetyenziso oluphambili lwe-photovoltaic yamandla elanga kukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic sensor kunye ne-inverter yangoku ekwaziyo ukuguqula amandla aqhubekayo aveliswe kwiipaneli zelanga ukuba zitshintshane ngoku ukuzazisa kwigridi yombane.
Ixabiso ngekWh yamandla elanga ibiza kakhulu kunezinye iinkqubo zokuvelisa. Nangona oku kutshintshe kakhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kwezinye iindawo apho inani leeyure zokukhanya kwelanga liphezulu, iindleko zamandla elanga photovoltaic zezona ziphantsi. Kubalulekile ukuba ube nelayini zoncedo lwezezimali nezomthetho ukucima iindleko zokuvelisa. Ekupheleni kosuku, sinceda umhlaba wethu ukuba ungangcoliswa kwaye uphephe ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nongcoliseko.
Olunye usebenziso lwamandla elanga photovoltaic
- Ukhanyiso. Olunye usetyenziso lwe-photovoltaic energy yelanga kukukhanyisa kwiindawo ezininzi zokungena kwilali, indawo zokuphumla, kunye neendlela. Oku kwenza ukuba iindleko zokukhanyisa zitshiphu.
- Ukutyikitya. Olu hlobo lwamandla lusetyenziswa ngokunyuka kwamaxesha okusayina kwiindlela zendlela.
- ZoThutho. La mandla asetyenziswa kwizihlandlo ezininzi kumacandelo okuphinda amandla ombane, unomathotholo kunye nomabonakude.
- Ukufakwa kombane emaphandleni. Ngoncedo lwenkqubo esembindini, iidolophu ezisasazekileyo kunye neelali ezincinci zinokonwabela umbane ohlaziyekayo.
- Iifama kunye nemfuyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwezi ndawo, kusetyenziswa amandla elanga photovoltaic. Ukubakhanyisa, ukuqhuba amanzi kunye neempompo zokunkcenkceshela, ukusenga, njl.
Njengoko ubona, amandla elanga e-photovoltaic asetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi ezenza ukuba kukhuphisane ngakumbi kwiimarike kwaye kuthathwa njengekamva lamandla.