Lapho silahlekelwa yimfucuza yethu ezitsheni eziqoqiwe zokukhetha, sizama ukuphatha ukukwazi ukusizakala ngakho konke okuqukethwe okungaba khona. Umthamo Jikelele wemfucuza eqinile yasemadolobheni (MSW) esiyikhiqizayo uya ngokuya uphakama. Cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-25 akhiqizwa ngonyaka. Okuningi kwalokhu kudoti kungabalwa futhi kutholakale. Kodwa-ke, ezinye azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa kalula futhi wayazi ukuthi ukutakula kuyinkimbinkimbi impela. Ukugwema ukuthi imfucuza eminingi iya endaweni okulahlwa kuyo udoti, sizama ukuthola indlela yokuyilawula. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi ukuvuselelwa kwemfucuza.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kukadoti kuyini, kubaluleke kangakanani nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani.
Kuyini ukutakula imfucuza
Kumthamo omkhulu wemfucumfucu yasemadolobheni esiwukhiqizayo ekupheleni konyaka, cishe ama-40% ayalulama ngokuphelele. Sikhuluma ngodoti ohlukaniswe ngeziqukathi eziqoqiwe noma iziqukathi ezivuselelwa kabusha. Lapho nje le mfucuza ihlukanisiwe lapho ivela khona, yayiswa ezikhungweni ezahlukahlukene zokulungisa imfucuza. Yilapho bangelashwa khona ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene futhi banikeze impilo entsha nokufakwa kukadoti njengomkhiqizo omusha.
Isibonelo, Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezintsha zingatholakala ngoglasi, ipulasitiki, iphepha kanye nemfucumfucu yamakhadibhodi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, enye i-60% yayo yonke imfucumfucu esiyenzayo ekupheleni konyaka akulula kangako ukuyihlukanisa futhi ukuyilungisa kwayo kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Njengoba zingakulungele ukuphinda zisetshenziswe kabusha, kuzofanele ziyiswe ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza ezilawulwayo. Ezingxenyeni zokulahla udoti abanayo enye impilo ewusizo, kodwa bayangcwatshwa. Ukuphela kwento engasetshenziswa kulezi zinsalela ukukhishwa kwefayili ye- biogas akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokubola kwawo ngamagciwane e-anaerobic.
Ukugwema ukuthi iningi lale mfucuza elingenayo indawo engaguquguquki eligcina ligcina ngokulahla udoti, kwenziwa umzamo wokuthola indlela yokuyilawula ukuze uthole izinzuzo kuyo. Lokhu ukubuyiselwa kwemfucuza.
Incazelo esemthethweni yokuthola kabusha imfucuza ingatholakala ku- inkomba 2008/98 / EC ngodoti futhi okulandelayo:
I-Operation ebifuna inhloso enkulu yokuthi imfucuza ingasebenza inhloso esebenzayo ukufaka ezinye izinto ebezizosetshenziswa ukufeza umsebenzi othile. Imayelana nokulungiselela indawo yokuhlala ukufeza umsebenzi othile, ezikhungweni nakwezomnotho jikelele.
Izinhlobo zokubuyiselwa kwemfucuza
Lapho ufuna inani elisha okungenzeka ukuthi kunensalela, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nokuhlaziywa okufanele kunikezwe kuqala. Uhlobo lwensalela kufanele luhlaziywe, luhlobo luni lomsebenzi onalo nokuthi luzonikezwa hlobo luni lomsebenzi. Sizohlaziya izinhlobo ezahlukene zokubuyiselwa kwemfucuza ezikhona:
- Ukubuyiselwa kwamandla: Lokhu kululama kwenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi obizwa ngokushiswa kwemfucuza. Ngalesi sikhathi sokushisa yonke imfucumfucu iyashiswa futhi itholakala ngamanani amancane lawa namandla avela ezintweni eziqukethe. Endabeni kadoti wasekhaya, zisetshenziswa ngandlela thile kuye ngamazinga wokusebenza kahle kwamandla kule nqubo. Kumele sihlole ukuthi amandla esiwasebenzisayo ukushisa le mfucuza makhulu noma mancane kunalawo esizowenza ngomlilo uqobo. Olunye uphethiloli olutholwe kule nqubo ngophethiloli oqinile obuyile (CSR).
- Ukubuyiselwa Kwezinto: kunguhlobo lwe-valorization lapho kutholakala khona izinto ezintsha. Kungashiwo ukuthi kufana nokusebenzisa kabusha ingxenye yalokhu kudoti ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha zokusetshenziswa. Siyakhumbula ukuthi, uma sinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, sizobe sinciphisa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe imithombo yemvelo kanye nemithelela emvelweni. Ngalesi sizathu, okunye kokubaluleka okubaluleke kakhulu ukubalwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Kulolu hlobo lokululama, izinto zenani eliphezulu ukupakisha okulula, iphepha, amakhadibhodi, okuceliwe kanye nezinto eziphilayo. Ngalezi zinto kuyahlolwa ukuthi ngabe kukhona uhlobo oluthile lokugaya umquba noma i-anaerobic digestion.
Njengendlela yokugcina, uma ingekho enye indlela yokubuyisa le mfucumfucu, ithunyelwa kokulahlwa komhlaba okulawulwayo lapho kugcina sekulahlwa khona. Lokhu kukhishwa kufanele kuphephe futhi kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwempilo yabantu kanye nemvelo.
Ukubuyiswa kwemfucuza eSpain
Izwe lethu lenze izifundo ezahlukahlukene ezikhombisa ukuthi amazwe e-European Union ayiphatha kanjani imfucuza eqinile yasemadolobheni. Kulezi zifundo, amaphesenti emfucuza enzelwe ukufaka umquba, ukushisa, ukuvuselelwa kabusha nokugcwaliswa komhlaba. Indawo ngayinye ikhethelwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemfucuza. Into yokuqala evivinywa ngodoti ngamunye ukuwaxabisa ukuze uthole inzuzo kuwo. Uma kungenzeka kungatholakali uhlobo oluthile lomhlomulo wezomnotho noma okhiqizwayo, imfucuza ibhekiswe endaweni okulahlwa kuyo udoti okulawulwa kuyo okungakhishwa kuphela ama-biogas.
ISpain, uma iqhathaniswa namanye amazwe anjengeJalimane, iDenmark noma iBelgium yabela amaphesenti aphezulu ayo yonke imfucuza endaweni okulahlwa kuyo udoti. Le phesenti iku-57%. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, iphezulu kakhulu isibalo. Inhloso yokuphathwa kwemfucuza efanele ukuwasebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. ISpain ayinakho ukuphathwa kahle kwemfucuza kulokhu. Lolu cwaningo luphinde luveze ukuthi yi-9% kuphela yayo yonke imfucuza eya emlilweni.
Ngale mininingwane kungaphethwa ngokuthi iSpain ukungasebenzisi amandla aqukethwe yilokhu kudoti nokusebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezintsha ezingashintshwa yilezi zinto ezenziwe kabusha. Ukutholwa kukadoti kuyindlela esetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ngoba inganikeza inani lezomnotho ukumosheka. Kufanele sibe nombono wosomabhizinisi lapho udoti unganikeli ngalutho, ungeke uphinde usetshenziswe noma uphinde usetshenziswe kabusha. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabange ukuthi ukutholwa kukadoti kuyithuluzi lezomnotho.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nenqubo yokubuyisa imfucuza.