Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lwenjini oluhlukile kunalolo olujwayelekile olusetshenziselwa ukushisa kwangaphakathi. Izimoto zisebenzisa lolu hlobo lwenjini olunikwe amandla yi- izinto zokubasa ukusebenza kahle kwayo akukuhle kakhulu. Kulokhu, sethula wena injini e-Stirling. Kuyinjini yezobuchwepheshe esebenza kahle kakhulu kunophethiloli noma injini kadizili. Ngale ndlela, kungashiwo ukuthi ingenye yezinjini ezinhle kakhulu ezikhona futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kungokwemvelo.
Kulesi sihloko sizohlaziya izici zenjini ye-Stirling bese siqhathanisa izinzuzo nobubi bokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngalolu hlobo lwenjini? Kumele uqhubeke ufunde 🙂
Injini eyi-Stirling
Le njini ayiyona into yesimanje noma eyokuguqula umbuso. Kwasungulwa ku- unyaka we-1816 nguRobert Stirling. Iyaziwa njengenjini enamandla okusebenza kahle kakhulu kunanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lomlilo. Ngaphandle kokutholakala kwabo, asikwazi ukusho ukuthi bagcine bephoqelela izimpilo zethu.
Eqinisweni, le njini, yize inamandla amaningi, isetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlelo ezikhethekile kakhulu. Izindawo lapho isetshenziswa khona zidinga ukuthi injini ithule ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokungafani nezinjini ezivamile zangaphakathi zomlilo. Isibonelo, isetshenziswa kuma-submarines noma ama-generator asizayo ama-yachts.
Ayisasetshenziswa ngobuningi okwamanje, kepha akusho ukuthi ayisebenzi. Le njini inezinzuzo ezinkulu esizozihlaziya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukusebenza
Injini isebenzisa umjikelezo we-Stirling, ohlukile kumijikelezo esetshenziswa ezinjinini zomlilo zangaphakathi.
Amagesi asetshenziswayo awaphumi ngaphandle kwenjini, okusiza ukunciphisa ukungcola kwegesi engcolisayo. Ayinawo ama-valve wokukhipha umoya wokukhipha amagesi aphezulu, njengophethiloli noma injini kadizili. Uma kwenzeka kuba nobungozi, ayinabungozi bokuqhuma. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinjini ze-Stirling zithule kakhulu.
Injini iStirling isebenzisa umthombo ongaphandle wokushisa ongashiswa. Kokubili kusuka kuphethiloli kuya kumandla elanga noma ngisho nokushisa okukhiqizwa izitshalo ezibolayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphakathi kwenjini alukho uhlobo lomlilo.
Isimiso esisebenza ngaso injini ye-Stirling ukuthi inani elilinganiselwe legesi livaliwe ngaphakathi kwenjini. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi kwakheke uchungechunge lwemicimbi eshintsha ingcindezi yegesi ngaphakathi kwenjini futhi ibangele ukuthi iqhubeke.
Kunezinto eziningana zamagesi ezibalulekile ukuze injini isebenze kahle:
- Uma unegesi engaguquki kumthamo omisiwe wesikhala futhi ukhuphula izinga lokushisa laleyo gesi, ingcindezi izokwanda.
- Uma unesilinganiso esinqunyiwe segesi bese uyicindezela (yehlisa umthamo wesikhala sakho), izinga lokushisa laleyo gesi lizokhuphuka.
Le yindlela iStirling engine esebenzisa ngayo amasilinda amabili. Enye yazo ishiswa ngumthombo wokushisa wangaphandle (umlilo) kanti enye ipholile ngomthombo wokupholisa (njengeqhwa). Amakamelo kagesi anawo womabili amasilinda axhunyiwe futhi ama-piston axhunywe ngomshini ngokuxhumanisa okunquma ukuthi azohamba kanjani ngokuhlobene.
Izingxenye zezimoto
Le njini inezingxenye ezine kumjikelezo wayo wokusebenza noma womlilo. Ama-piston amabili esishilo ngaphambili yiwo agcwalisa zonke izingxenye zomjikelezo:
- Okokuqala, ukushisa kufakwa kwigesi ngaphakathi kwesilinda esivuthayo. Lokhu kudala ingcindezi futhi kuphoqa ukuthi ipiston iye phansi. Le yingxenye yomjikelezo we-Stirling owenza lo msebenzi.
- Bese kuthi i-piston yangakwesokunxele inyukele phezulu ngenkathi i-piston yangakwesokudla iyehla. Lokhu kunyakaza kuhambisa igesi eshisayo ibheke kwisilinda esipholile yiqhwa. Ukupholisa ngokushesha kwehlisa umfutho wegesi futhi kungacindezelwa kube lula engxenyeni elandelayo yomjikelezo.
- I-piston iqala ukucindezela igesi epholile kanye nokushisa okwenziwe yilokho kucindezela isuswa ngumthombo wokupholisa.
- I-piston yangakwesokudla inyuka iye phezulu ngesokunxele. Lokhu futhi kubangela ukuthi igesi ingene kwisilinda esishisayo lapho ishisa khona ngokushesha, yakhe ingcindezi, umjikelezo uphinde futhi.
Izinzuzo zenjini ye-Stirling
Ngenxa yalolu hlobo lokusebenza nokusebenza kwalo, singathola izinzuzo ezithile.
- Kuthulekile. Kweminye imisebenzi lapho kudingeka ukuthula okukhulu, lolu hlobo lwemoto luyindlela enhle. Kulula futhi ukulinganisela futhi kudala ukudlidliza okuncane.
- It has kahle eliphezulu. Ngenxa yamazinga okushisa emithombo eshisayo nebandayo, injini ingenziwa ukuthi isebenze emazingeni okushisa aphansi. ukuzalwa.
- Ungaba nemithombo eminingi eshisayo. Ukushisa igesi ungaba nemithombo yokushisa efana nokhuni, sawdust, solar or geothermal energy, imfucuza, njll.
- Kungokwemvelo kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwenjini alunikeli ekukhishweni kwegesi emkhathini ngokufeza amandla omlilo aphelele.
- Ukuthembeka okuningi nokugcinwa okulula. Ubuchwepheshe bayo bulula kakhulu kepha buyasebenza. Lokhu kubenza bathembeke kakhulu futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa okuncane.
- Zihlala isikhathi eside. Ngokungafani nezinjini ezivamile, ukuba lula futhi ngenxa yomklamo wazo zihlala isikhathi eside.
- Ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene. Kungaba nokusetshenziswa okuningana ngenxa yokuzimela kwayo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo nezidingo nezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithombo yokushisa.
Izingqinamba
Njengoba lolu hlobo lwemoto lunikeza izinzuzo, kufanele futhi sihlaziye ububi okulandelayo:
- Izindleko inkinga yakho enkulu kakhulu. Akuncintisani neminye imidiya.
- Akwaziwa umphakathi jikelele. Uma ungazi ukuthi iyini injini ye-Stirling, awukwazi ukuyinyusa.
- Bajwayele ukuba nezinkinga zokuvala uphawu. Lokhu kuyinkinga. Ukukhetha okufanelekile kungaba i-hydrogen ngokukhanya kwayo kanye nekhono lokumunca ama-calories. Noma kunjalo, ayinalo ikhono lokusabalalisa ngezinto zokwakha.
- Kwesinye isikhathi idinga ukuba ibe nkulu kakhulu futhi kudinga imishini eningi.
- Ukungabi nokuguquguquka. Ukwahluka kwamandla okusheshayo nangokuphumelelayo kunzima ukukuthola ngenjini ye-Stirling. Lona ukufanelekela ngokwengeziwe ukusebenza ngokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo.
Ngalolu lwazi uzokwazi ukuluqonda kangcono lolu hlobo lwenjini bese ulihlaziya ngokuphelele.