Kuyini ukuzalwa?

Isitshalo sokuhlanganiswa

Emhlabeni wezamandla kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza ugesi. Ingasetshenziswa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi (uwoyela, amalahle, igesi yemvelo ...) ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi ngezindlela eziningi. Inkinga yokuzisebenzisa kungukungcola abakukhiqizayo emhlabeni nokuthi bayizinsiza eziqeda amandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amandla nawo angakhiqizwa ngawo imithombo evuselelekayo (solar, wind, geothermal, hydraulic ...) futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngeke silimaze imvelo futhi yimithombo engapheli.

Esinakho kucacile uma kuziwa ekukhiqizeni amandla, kunoma yimuphi umthombo, ukuthi kufanele sibe nakho ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Ngale ndlela sizosebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa futhi sizokwazi ukukhiqiza amandla nekhwalithi eyanele. Uhlelo olusebenza kahle kakhulu olusetshenziswa namuhla ukukhiqizwa kwamandla Ukuvuselelwa.

Kuyini ukuzalwa?

Well, cogeneration is a esebenza kahle kakhulu uhlelo lokukhiqiza amandla kusukela, ngasikhathi sinye, ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, amandla kagesi namandla ashisayo ngasikhathi sinye kusuka emandleni ayisisekelo. La mandla ayinhloko ngokuvamile atholakala ngokushisa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi ezifana negesi noma uwoyela.

Izinzuzo zokuzihlanganisa

Ubuhle bokuzibandakanya, ngaphandle kwe- amandla ayo aphezulu, ukuthi kokubili ukushisa okukhiqizwayo namandla kagesi angasetshenziswa kwinqubo eyodwa. Ngendlela ejwayelekile, kuzodingeka isitshalo samandla ekukhiqizeni ugesi kanye ne-boiler ejwayelekile ukukhiqiza ukushisa. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenziwa ezindaweni eziseduze nendawo yokusebenzisa, yingakho kugwenywa uguquko lwamandla kagesi, ukuthuthwa kwebanga elide nokusetshenziswa kangcono kwamandla. Kumanethiwekhi ajwayelekile kagesi, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kungalahleka phakathi 25 no 30% kagesi ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuhamba.

Ukusebenza kahle kokuzihlanganisa.

Ukusebenza kahle kokuzihlanganisa. Umthombo :: http://www.absorsistem.com/tecnologia/cogeneracion/principio-de-la-cogeneracion

Enye inzuzo yokusebenza kwayo kahle kwamandla ukuthi uma amandla avela emagesi aqeda amandla omlilo esetshenziselwa ukupholisa ngezinhlelo zokumunca, ibizwa ngokuthi Ubudala.

Ekukhiqizweni okuvamile kukagesi, kuvame ukukhiqizwa enye into, eqhutshwa yinjini kagesi noma i-turbine. Ngale ndlela, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla wamakhemikhali kaphethiloli, okungukuthi, ukusebenza kwawo kahle ngokushisa, kungama-25% kuya ku-40% kuphela, ngoba okunye kufanele kuhlakazeke ngendlela yokushisa. Kodwa-ke, uhlelo lokuzihlanganisa lusebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sesizukulwane, ungasebenzisa ngokunenzuzo 70% wamandla ngokukhiqizwa kwamanzi ashisayo kanye / noma ukushisa. Ngisho nasezikhungweni zokuphehla ugesi ezishisayo, ugesi ungenziwa futhi ngokusebenzisa umusi ocindezelweyo.

Izinto zokuzihlanganisa

Ukuhlaziya okushiwo ngenhla, singaveza izici eziyinhloko zokuzihlanganisa. Ingasebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamandla akhiqizwayo ngakho-ke inamandla amakhulu kakhulu okusebenza kunesikhungo esijwayelekile. Lokhu kusisiza ukuba singene ukusimama kwemvelo. Yize kungeyona imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo, kuyasisiza ukuthi sisebenzise uphethiloli omncane ngenqubo, ngakho-ke kusetshenziswa amanani amancane entengo eluhlaza. Lokhu kunciphisa nezindleko zokukhiqiza futhi lokhu kuholela ukwanda kokuncintisana labakhiqizi. Okokugcina, isisiza ekusimeni kwemvelo kusukela ekusetshenzisweni okuphansi kukaphethiloli, umthelela omncane uzokwenziwa emvelweni. Ngokukhiqiza amandla ezindaweni eziseduze nokusetshenziswa, futhi konga ezintweni zokusetshenziswa nasendaweni lapho kwenziwa ingqalasizinda yokuthuthwa kwayo.

Izinzuzo zokuzihlanganisa

Umthombo: http://www.cogeneramexico.org.mx/menu.php?m=73

Isici esiyinhloko sokuzihlanganisa si injini yegesi noma ye-turbine. Noma kunini lapho sikhuluma ngokuzihlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwaso okuningi, imvamisa siqala ngale nto eyinhloko. Ukuze kwenziwe isifundo samandla akhiqizwe ngokuzihlanganisa kohlobo oluthile lwephrojekthi, izidingo zokushisa kumele ziqale zibalwe ukuze kutholakale uhlobo lwemishini nosayizi ongakhipha amandla adingekayo.

I-turbine yegesi ekuzihlanganiseni

Ugesi ophendulwa ngamanzi

Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa kwezidingo zenqubo yokukhiqiza akufanele bavinjelwe ekutadisheni kwezidingo zamanje. Okusho ukuthi, ukuhlaziywa kwesikhathi esizayo kufanele kwenziwe ngamathuba okushintsha ekusetshenzisweni kokushisa okuvumela ukufakwa kwesitshalo sokuhlanganiswa esebenza kahle kakhudlwana ngakho-ke, kunenzuzo enkulu ukukhuluma ngokwezomnotho.

Izinto ezitshalweni zokuzihlanganisa

Esitshalweni sokuzihlanganisa kukhona izinto ezijwayelekile ngoba zibalulekile. Phakathi kwabo sinokulandelayo:

  1. Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke umthombo oyinhloko okuyilapho sizothola khona amandla. Kulokhu, zivela kumafutha ezimbiwa phansi njengegesi yemvelo, idizili noma uwoyela kaphethiloli.
  2. Enye into ebaluleke kakhulu imoto. Iphethe ukuguqula amandla okushisa noma amakhemikhali abe amandla kagesi. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesitshalo esizofakwa kanye nokusetshenziswa esizokunikezwa sona, sithola izinjini ezifana nogesi ophehla ugesi, umusi noma ezinye izinjini.
  3. Isitshalo sokuhlanganiswa sidinga uhlelo lokusebenzisa amandla kagesi. Imvamisa kuba enye into eguqula amandla abe amandla kagesi. Kepha kukhona nezimo lapho uhlelo lokusebenzisa luyicompressor noma iphampu lapho kusetshenziswa amandla womshini ngqo.
  1. Udinga futhi i- ukushisa ukusetshenziswa uhlelo lokho kwenziwa. Singathola ama-boilers anesibopho sokubuyisa ukushisa kumagesi okukhipha. Zingaba futhi izomisi noma ukushisa ukushisa.
  2. Yize ukuhlanganiswa kusebenza kahle, kunengxenye yamandla engeke isetshenziswe. Kungakho kudingekile uhlelo lokupholisa. Njengengxenye yamandla ashisayo ngeke isetshenziswe esitshalweni, lokho kushisa kufanele kususwe. Imibhoshongo yokupholisa isetshenziselwa lokhu. Bangaba ngama-condensers kagesi noma abashintshisi bokushisa inhloso yabo ukunciphisa inani lokushisa elichithwa nelikhishelwa emoyeni.
  3. Kokubili uhlelo lokupholisa nokusetshenziswa kokushisa okwenziwe kudinga uhlelo lokwelashwa kwamanzi.
  4. Kuthatha i- uhlelo lokulawula ukunakekela izikhungo.
  5. Esitshalweni sokuzihlanganisa awukwazi ukuphuthelwa uhlelo lukagesi evumela ukunikezwa kwemishini esizayo yalesi sitshalo. Okungukuthi, ukuthekelisa noma ukungenisa kwamandla kagesi adingekayo ukuze sikwazi ukugcina ibhalansi yamandla. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukunika amandla isitshalo ezimweni zokushoda kukagesi kusuka kunethiwekhi yangaphandle. Ngale ndlela, izotholakala ngokushesha lapho izimo zomsebenzi zibuyiselwa.
Umehluko phakathi kokuzihlanganisa nesizukulwane esivamile.

Umehluko phakathi kokuzihlanganisa nesizukulwane esivamile. Umthombo; http://new.gruppoab.it/es/guia_cogeneracion/cogeneracion.asp

Lapho sesazazi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zezitshalo zokuzihlanganisa, siyaqhubeka nokubona izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo ezikhona.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo zokuzihlanganisa

  • Isitshalo sokuvuselela injini yegesi. Kuwo basebenzisa njengophethiloli igesi, udizili noma uwoyela kaphethiloli. Zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amandla kagesi kepha zingasebenzi kahle ukukhiqiza amandla ashisayo.
  • Izitshalo zokuvuselelwa kwegesi. Kulezi zitshalo uphethiloli ushiswa ngaphakathi i-generator ye-turbo. Ingxenye yamandla iguqulwa ibe amandla kagesi, azoguqulwa ngosizo lwe-alternator ibe amandla kagesi. Ukusebenza kwazo ngogesi kuncane kunezinjini ezibuyisanayo, kepha kunenzuzo yokuthi zivumela ukuvuselelwa kalula kokushisa, okucishe kugxilwe ngokuphelele kumagesi ayo okukhipha, asezingeni lokushisa elingaba ngu-500ºC, elifanele ukukhiqiza umusi ekubuyiseleni kubhayela.
  • Izitshalo zokuzihlanganisa ezinama-turbine e-steam. Kulolu hlobo lwesitshalo, amandla kagesi akhiqizwa ngu ukunwetshwa kwe-steam ephezulu lokho kuvela kubhayela ovamile. Lolu hlobo lokusetshenziswa kukaphendle kwakuyokuqala ukusetshenziswa ekuzihlanganiseni. Kodwa-ke, namuhla ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunqunyelwe njengokuncoma kokufaka okusebenzisa izibaseli ezisalayo njenge-biomass.
  • Izitshalo zokuzibandakanya kumjikelezo ohlanganisiwe negesi nomoya ophefumulayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamagesi omoya ne-steam kubizwa ngokuthi "umjikelezo ohlanganisiwe".
Isitshalo sokuhlanganiswa komjikelezo esihlanganisiwe

Isitshalo sokuhlanganiswa komjikelezo esihlanganisiwe

  • Izitshalo zokuzibandakanya ezinenjini yegesi kanye ne-turbine yomoya Kulolu hlobo lwesitshalo, ukushisa okugcinwe emufutheni we-injini kutholakale nge-boiler yokutakula. Lokhu kukhiqiza umusi osetshenziswa kumshini ophehla umoya ukuze ukwazi ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi amaningi noma amandla kagesi.

Izinzuzo zokuzibandakanya

Njengoba sibonile, ukuhlangana kunenzuzo eziningi. Sizibala ngokuya ngezinzuzo esizithola kukho.

  1. Izinzuzo zezwe nomphakathi. Sithola ukonga emandleni ayisisekelo ngokusebenzisa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. Ukukhishwa okungcolisayo emkhathini kuyehla futhi intuthuko yesifunda yenziwa ngokukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwamathuba emisebenzi.
  2. Izinzuzo zomsebenzisi ozibophezele ekuvuseleleni. Ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Ihambisana nemithetho yezemvelo. Intengo yesikweletu sikagesi iyehla, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza. Kukhona ikhwalithi ephezulu kunqubo yamandla ngakho-ke ukuncintisana kuyakhuphuka.
  3. Izinzuzo zenkampani kagesi enikezayo. Izindleko zokudlulisa nokusabalalisa amandla ziyagwenywa ngoba isetshenziswa eduze nendawo okwenziwa kuyo amandla. Futhi banomkhawulo wokuhlela omkhulu emkhakheni kagesi.

Ngakho konke lokhu, ngiyethemba ukuthi ngikwazile ukukwazisa ngokuthi kuyini ukuzalwa kabusha futhi kuyasiza kuwe.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.