UMichael Faraday wayengusosayensi owayenegalelo elikhulu kwihlabathi lesayensi. Ndiyabulela kule sayensi, uninzi lwezinto esizisebenzisayo kule mihla yethu zilawulwa ngu Umthetho kaFaraday. Ukungeniswa kwe-Electromagnetic yinkqubo apho amandla ombane anokunyanzeliswa lutshintsho kumhlaba wemagneti. Olu fakelo lwe-electromagnetic luhambelana ngqo nomthetho kaFaraday.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu nokubaluleka komthetho kaFaraday.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemikhosi ezihlawulisa amava okuhamba ngaphakathi kumazibuthe. Amandla afunyanwa ngocingo oludlulayo umlambo ngumzekelo weklasikhi womthetho kaFaraday. Kule meko, amandla afunyanwa ngocingo agqitha kuwo umbane ngenxa ye-elektrononi ezishukumayo okanye kubukho bamandla ombane. Le nkqubo iyenzeka ngenye indlela ejikeleze. Singahambisa ucingo ngentsimi yemagneti okanye sitshintshe ubungakanani bamandla ombane ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye kunokubangela ukuhamba ngoku.
Owona mthetho ubalulekileyo ukuze ukwazi ukuchaza ukungeniswa kombane ngumthetho kaFaraday. Ifunyenwe ngu UMichael Faraday kwaye ilinganise ubudlelwane phakathi kokutshintsha kwemagnethi ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nendawo yombane eyenziwe lutshintsho. Ukuba siya kumthetho kaFaraday siyabona ukuba inale ngxelo:
"Umbane owenziwe kwisekethe evaliweyo ulingana ngokuthe ngqo nezinga lotshintsho ngexesha lombane wemagnethi ogqitha kuwo nawuphi na umphezulu nesekethe ngokwayo njengomphetho."
Ukubonakaliswa komthetho kaFaraday
Siza kubonisa ukuba umthetho kaFaraday uthini ngomzekelo. Makhe sihlolisise uvavanyo lukaFaraday. Apha sinebhetri enoxanduva lokubonelela ngoku ngombane kwikhoyili encinci. Ngale ndlela yombane umhlaba wamagnetic wenziwe ngokujika kwekhoyili. Kwikhoyili kukho iintambo zentsimbi ezenzakeleyo kwi-axis yayo. Xa iikhoyili ingena ingena iphuma kwenye inkulu, inendawo enemagnethi eyenza umbane ngaphakathi kwekhoyili. Lo mbane unokulinganiswa ngegalvanometer.
Ukusuka kolu vavanyo, umthetho kaFaraday unokwenziwa kwaye izigqibo ezininzi zinokuthathwa. Zonke izigqibo zolu vavanyo bezinento yokwenza nokuveliswa kwamandla ombane kwaye zazingundoqo kumthetho kaLenz, osetyenziselwa ukuphatha umbane wale mihla esinayo namhlanje.
Makhe sijonge ngokufutshane ibali likaMichael Faraday awayekwazi ukumisela ngalo mthetho. Siyazi ukuba le nzulu-lwazi Wayengumdali weengcamango eziphambili malunga nombane kunye nemagnetism. Wanikela ubomi bakhe kuphando kule nkalo yesayensi. Wayonwabe kakhulu xa ugqirha wase-Danish owaziwa njengo-Oersted wakwazi ukubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kombane kunye nemagnethi. Oku kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1820. Kolu vavanyo wakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ucingo lwangoku olwenziwayo lunokuhambisa inaliti enomazibuthe ngokupheleleyo kwaye bangaphakathi kwikhampasi.
UFaraday wakwazi ukuyila iimvavanyo ezininzi. Enye yazo yayiquka ukubhijela ii-solenoids ezimbini zentsimbi ejikeleze iringi yentsimbi. Ukujonga ubudlelwane phakathi kombane kunye nemagnethi, wagqithisa amandla ombane ngenye yee-solenoids ngotshintsho. Okwangoku kwaqhutywa kwenye. UFaraday uxele ukubonakala kwemisinga yombane kutshintsho lwe-magnetic flux eyenzeka ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ngenxa yoko, kwaye enkosi kolu vavanyo, uMichael Faraday wakwazi ukubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla ombane kunye neendawo zombane. Ulwazi oluninzi luyavela kuyo yonke le nto eyaba yinxalenye yeengxelo zamva zomthetho kaMaxwell.
Ifomula yomthetho kaFaraday kunye nemizekelo
Ukuseka ubudlelwane phakathi kweemagnethi kunye neendawo zombane, le fomyula ilandelayo iyacetyiswa.
EMF (Ɛ) = dϕ / dt
Apho i-EMF okanye Ɛ imele i-Electromotive Force (ivolthi), kunye ne-dϕ / dt linqanaba lokwahluka kwethutyana yombane ombane.
Izinto zemihla ngemihla ezinje ngee-oveni zombane zenziwa ukuba zenziwe ngumthetho kaFaraday. Siza kubona eminye yemizekelo yokusetyenziswa komthetho kaFaraday kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Siyayazi loo nto Phantse yonke itekhnoloji yombane esinayo namhlanje isekwe kumthetho kaFaraday. Ngokukodwa, kubalulekile ngokubhekisele kuzo zonke izixhobo zombane ezinje ngejenreyitha, isiguquli kunye neenjini zombane. Masenze umzekelo: ukuze sikwazi ukuvelisa i-motor yangoku ngqo, ulwazi lwalusekwe ikakhulu ekusebenziseni idiski yobhedu ejikelezayo kwiziphelo zemagnethi. Ndiyabulela kule ntshukumo ejikelezayo, inokuthi yenziwe ngoku ngqo.
Ukusuka kulo mgaqo kuza nokuyilwa kwezinto ezintsonkothileyo ezinje ngesiguquli, enye into evelayo ngoku yejeneretha, brake wamagnetic okanye isitovu sombane.
Unxibelelwano phakathi kokungeniswa kunye namandla ombane
Siyazi ukuba isiseko sethiyori somthetho kaFaraday sinzima. Ukwazi ukwazi ukuqonda okuqinisekileyo komdibaniso okhoyo kunye namandla ombane kumasuntswana ahlawulisiweyo kulula. Umzekelo, intlawulo yocingo oluhambayo. Siza kuzama ukucacisa unxibelelwano phakathi kokungeniswa kombane kunye namandla ombane. Sithathela ingqalelo i-electron ekhululekile ukuhamba ngocingo. Okulandelayo, sibeka ucingo kwicandelo lemagnethi ethe nkqo kwaye silushukumise kwicala elijolise ngqo kwicandelo. Kubalulekile ukuba ukuhamba koku kuhamba ngesantya esiqhubekayo.
Zombini iziphelo zocingo ziya kudityaniswa zenze ukujikeleza. Enkosi ngokudityaniswa kwaye ngale ndlela siqinisekisa ukuba wonke umsebenzi owenziweyo ukuvelisa umbane ocingweni uya kuchithwa njengobushushu ekuchaseni ucingo. Masithi ngoku masicinge ukuba umntu utsala ucingo ngesantya esihamba rhoqo kumazibuthe. Njengoko sitsala ucingo Kufuneka sisebenzise amandla ukuze umazibuthe oqhubekayo ungabinakho ukwenza umsebenzi ngokwawo. Nangona kunjalo, ungalutshintsha ulawulo lomkhosi. Inxalenye yamandla esiwasebenzisayo iphinde yahanjiswa, ibangela amandla ombane kwi-electron ehamba ngocingo. Yiyo le ukuphambuka eseka umbane.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi ngomthetho kaFaraday kunye neempawu zawo.