Ukusukela kuguquko kwimizi-mveliso kunye nokufunyanwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwe iifosili, Ihlabathi liqalisile ukukhupha uthotho lweegesi ezingcolisa umoya ezithi zibangele ukutshintsha kwemozulu. Ezi fuel zenziwe nge-oyile, igesi yendalo kunye namalahle. Zizixhobo eziphelisiweyo kwaye amandla ohlaziyo alukho kumgangatho womntu. Ngesi sizathu, uloyiko olukhoyo kukungazinzi kwamaxabiso eoyile kubangela uxinzelelo rhoqo koorhulumente abafuna rhoqo ukusetyenziswa koovimba beoyile kwezinye iindawo ezifana neArctic.
Kweli nqaku siza kwenza uhlalutyo olunzulu ngokubaluleka kokuxhatshazwa koovimba beoyile kunye neziphumo zayo ezimbi kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Amaxabiso eoyile
Ngenxa yobunzima obandayo bokufumana i-oyile koovimba, ixabiso layo liyanda. Xa kuziwa ekukhutsheni oovimba beoyile yeArctic, kuvela into exakayo. Ngokuchanekileyo, oovimba beoyile yeArctic banokuxhatshazwa xa kukho unyibiliko owaneleyo ukuyivumela. Nangona kunjalo, Ukuxhatshazwa kwale oli kuya kwenza mandundu ubushushu behlabathi Oko kubangele ukuba unyibilike ovumela ukuba ezi ndawo zigciniweyo zixhatshazwe.
Njengoko ubona, kuyinto ephikisayo. Ubushushu behlabathi ikakhulu bubangelwa zezi gesi zomoya ungcolileyo zigqibayo ukubhabha. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubushushu obugciniweyo bukhulu kwaye bubangela ukwanda kweqondo lobushushu. Ukongeza, ingxaki ekuphela kwayo kwezi gesi ezivela ekutshisweni kweoyile ayisiyomoya nje kuphela kodwa ikwanempilo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinobundlongondlongo eMbindi Mpuma obangela ukungazinzi okuphezulu kwezopolitiko. Yaqala njalo ke le ngxaki yaseLibya, apho ixabiso leoyile lenyuka nge-15% ukuya kuthi ga kwi-120 yeedola. Ewe kunjalo, konke oku kubangele uninzi lweenyikima zomhlaba ezinokuthiwa yile nyikima, kukungazinzi kwamaxabiso ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso ngakumbi kwiinjongo zaseNtshona. Koku kunyuka kwamaxabiso, oovimba beoyile abakhulu behlabathi benziwa apho sinokufumana khona.
Esi sisiseko esenza IArctic inokuba yindawo elandelayo ekusetyenzisweni koovimba beoyile. Ngokutsho kweengcali, iArctic yeyona ndawo ekuphela kwayo emhlabeni apho kukho ugcino lweoyile olungasetyenziswanga.
Oovimba beoyile kwiArctic
Ngenxa yokuba iArctic isezintombi nto, kugxilwe kuyo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho ubutyebi obukhulu be zendalo kwaye uMbindi Mpuma ubeka iliso kuyo. IGreenland ngurhulumente ozimeleyo oyinxalenye yeDenmark. Lelinye lamazwe aphambili anomdla ekusetyenzisweni koovimba beoyile. Nangona kunjalo, I-Canada, i-US, i-Russia ne-Norway azizukusala ngasemva ekulweni kwezi zixhobo.
Iingcali ebeziphonononge ioyile e-Arctic isithuba seminyaka emi-3 zifumene ngaphezulu kwe-200.000 yezigidi zemiphanda yeoyile. Ngokwezifundo ezimalunga noku, kuqikelelwa ukuba kusekho eminye imiphanda eziibhiliyoni ezili-114.000 engafumanekiyo. Kwelinye icala, sifumana i-56 yeetriliyoni zekyubhiki mitha yerhasi yendalo ukuba isetyenziswe. Zonke ezi zixhobo zamandla amnandi zisemilonyeni yamazwe amaninzi alambele amandla namandla.
Umbuzo ucacile, yintoni elandelayo eza kulandela? Baza kuxhaphaza i-Arctic reserve ukutshabalalisa i-ecosystem kunye nokukhokelela ekuphelisweni kwezi zixhobo. Xa ioli iphelile, kuya kwenzeka ntoni? Siza kuba kwihlabathi elinengxaki ezinkulu zokungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nokufudumala kobushushu bomhlaba, kungabikho zityalo kunye nezifo ezininzi. Ekuphela kwento abacinga ngayo kukuba sisityebi kubomi abanabo kwaye abacingi ngezizukulwana ezizayo.
Iziphumo zendalo esingqongileyo
Ukuba uqikelelo lwento eyenziweyo kwizifundo luyinyani, sifumanisa ukuba oovimba beoyile banokulingana nesihlanu sayo yonke ioyile engekafumaneki emhlabeni. Oku kubiza kuphela ukuphazamiseka kwe-Arctic: izixhobo ebezingafikeleleki ngumkhenkce zenziwe lula lutshintsho lwemozulu oluziswe yile oyile bazama ukuyikhupha. Ukunyibilika kwe-Arctic ayizukunyusa kuphela iziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu ngokutshintsha i-albedo yoMhlaba, Endaweni yoko, ukukhutshwa kwezi ndawo zokugcina ioyile kuya kuyenza mandundu imeko.
Akumelanga silibale ukuba iArctic yenye yobutyebi obunayo iplanethi ngokubaluleka kwendalo. Ubume bendalo obugcweleyo apho kungekho sixhobo kuye kwaxhatshazwa khona kwaye iyantlukwano yezendalo ikhuselwe ngumkhenkce. Umkhenkce ubakho eArctic kangangesiqingatha sonyaka kuphela. Ngaphambi kokuba unyaka wonke. Ukongeza, ayizukubangela ukonakaliswa kwendalo kuphela, kodwa inokuphelisa uzinzo.
Le ndawo ishushu ngokukhawuleza kathathu kunelinye ilizwe. Oku kuyakubangela ukuba, ngokunokwenzeka, i-ecosystems yalo mmandla wonke ufumane amanqaku okungabuyi. Ukukhawulezisa ukulahleka komkhenkce kuye kwandiswa kwaye, ke, utshintsho olungxamisekileyo ngakumbi luza kuza kwindalo.
Amanqanaba omkhenkce asezantsi
Amanqanaba asezantsi ezimbali abhalwe kwi-Arctic ice sheet ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu. Rhoqo ehlotyeni umaleko unyibilika ngakumbi nangakumbi ukuze ubande kwakhona ebusika. Nangona kunjalo, eli zinga likhawulezayo lokunyibilika libangele ukwehla kwenqanaba lokukhenkcisa eliguqulela kwilahleko yomkhenkce.
Ukujongana nokuqwalaselwa kwendalo ukuze sisebenzise ezi zixhobo sizibandakanya nezizathu zentlalo nezopolitiko. Okwangoku, iArctic inabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezine. I-4% yabemi beli lizwe zizizwe zemveli Banelungelo kwezi zixhobo zendalo zomhlaba apho bahlala khona kwaye zezabo ngokusemthethweni.
Ke ngoko, siza kubona ukuba lo mbambano wokusetyenziswa gwenxa koovimba beoyile usonjululwa njani. Ndiyathemba ukuba bayabuya ezingqondweni kwaye basebenze ngakumbi kumandla ahlaziyekayo.