Ifosili yeefuweli

Ifosili yeefuweli Ngawona mthombo wamandla sinawo kwihlabathi liphela. Yiseti yentsalela yezinto ezikhoyo eMhlabeni kwaye, emva kokuba ibekwe kubushushu noxinzelelo lomhlaba kumakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka, sele iqulunqiwe kwaye inamandla amakhulu. Ukubunjwa kwayo kungenxa yenkqubo yendalo yokubola kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nezingcwatyelweyo. Kule minyaka, oku kubola kuye kwaba yihydrocarbon ekwaziyo ukuhambisa amandla.

Kule nqaku siza kugxila ekuchazeni iimpawu, usetyenziso, imvelaphi kunye neziphumo zesibini zezibaso. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi yonke into ngabo?

Amafutha asefossil njengomthombo wamandla

Umhlaba wethu uhlala utshintsha. Uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho oluye lwakhupha uguquko kwimizi-mveliso lwenza ukuba uluntu lwethu luguqukele Uluntu olunamashishini apheleleyo apho uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho lunxulunyaniswa nemithombo yamandla.

Amandla adliwa ngumntu yonke imihla ukwenza yonke imisebenzi afunyanwa kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo zikho Imithombo evuselelekayo kwaye abanye akunjalo. Okwangoku, umhlaba wethu uhamba ubukhulu becala ngamandla angenakuphinda ahlaziyeke angcolisa umhlaba.

Amandla e-fossil afumaneka ngokutsha kwezinye izinto ezivela kwiintsalela zezityalo kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo eziye zabola kule minyaka idlulileyo. Izigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ezi ntsalela zangcwatywa ziziphumo zendalo kunye nokusebenza kwamagciwane. Nje ukuba bangcwatywe kuqweqwe lomhlaba, bazibophelela kwiimeko zoxinzelelo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu obanike iimpawu zabo ngoku.

Iindidi zezibaso

Okwangoku, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezibaso zisetyenziswa ukufumana amandla. Ngamnye uneempawu ezahlukeneyo nemvelaphi. Nangona kunjalo, zonke ziqulathe isixa esikhulu samandla esetyenziselwa usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo.

Emva koko siza kuchaza ezona ziphambili:

• Ikhabhoni yezimbiwa. Ngamalahle awayesetyenziselwa iinqwelo-mafutha. Ngokuyintloko ikhabhoni ifumaneka kwiidipozithi ezinkulu emhlabeni. Ukuyikhupha, imigodi yakhiwe apho kusetyenziswa khona oovimba.
• Ioyile. Ingumxube weentlobo ngeentlobo zeehydrocarbon kwinqanaba lolwelo. Yenziwe ngezinye izinto ezingcolileyo ezinkulu kwaye isetyenziselwa ukufumana iifutha ezahlukeneyo kunye neemveliso.
• Irhasi yendalo. Yenziwe ikakhulu yirhasi yemethane. Le gesi ihambelana neyona ndawo ilula kakhulu yeehydrocarbon. Ke ngoko, kuthiwa igesi yendalo ayingcolisi kangako kwaye inyulu ngakumbi. Ithathwe kumabala eoyile ngohlobo lwegesi.
• Iisanti zetar kunye neoli yeoli. Zizinto ezenziwe ziisanti zobungakanani obudongwe ziqulathe intsalela encinci yezinto eziphilayo. Lo mbumba uqukethe izinto ezibolileyo kunye nesakhiwo esifana kakhulu neoyile.

Amandla enyukliya athathelwa ingqalelo njengohlobo lwefossil fuel. Ikhutshwa njengesiphumo sempendulo yenyukliya ebizwa ngokuba Ukulwa kwenyukliya. Kukwahlula i-nuclei yeeathom ezinzima ezifana ne-uranium okanye iplutonium.

Ukwenziwa kweoyile

I-petrolium sisibaso esenziwe ngamafutha esivela kwi-debris feedstock yezinto eziphila emanzini, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Ezi zinto ziphilayo zazihlala ezilwandle, kumadike nasemilonyeni kufutshane nolwandle.

I-oyile ifumaneka kwi ezo ndaba zosasazo lwemvelaphi. Oku kuthetha ukuba umba osele wenziwe wawuyinto ephilayo kwaye wawufakwe kugqunywe ngentlenga. Ngokujula nangakumbi, ngoxinzelelo loxinzelelo lomhlaba, waguqulwa waba yi-hydrocarbon.

Le nkqubo ithatha izigidi zeminyaka ngexesha. Ke ngoko, nangona ioyile iqhubeka iveliswa, iyayenza ngeqondo lokuncipha kwinqanaba lomntu. Ngaphaya koko, inqanaba lokusetyenziswa kweoyile kukuba imihla yokupheliswa kwayo sele icwangcisiwe. Kwindlela yokwenziwa kweoyile, iibacteria ze-aerobic zisebenza kuqala kunye ne-anaerobic bacteria kamva, kubunzulu obukhulu. Ezi mpendulo zikhupha ioksijini, initrogen, nesalfure. Ezi zinto zintathu ziyinxalenye yezixhobo eziguquguqukayo zeehydrocarbon.

Njengokuba iisilingi zixinaniswe sisiphumo soxinzelelo, isiseko sakhiwa. Emva koko, ngenxa yefuthe lokufuduka, ioyile iqala ukumithisa onke amatye angena ngaphakathi nangaphezulu. La matye abiziwe "Amatye okugcina." Apho ioyile igxila kwaye ihlala kuyo. Ngale ndlela, iinkqubo zokukhupha ioyile zenzelwa ukusetyenziswa kwazo njengamafutha.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga

Amafutha asefossil aneenzuzo ezininzi kunye nokungalunganga xa kufikwa ekusebenziseni kwawo njengomthombo wamandla. Makhe sibahlalutye:

• Ubuninzi kwiidiphozithi. Nangona kukho intetho yokuncipha kwayo okulandelayo, oovimba bamafutha ezinto ezisaphilayo kusafuneka basibonelele. Ngokukhula kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyehla yonke imihla.
• Ukufikelela koovimba akukho nzima kakhulu okwangoku. Oku kuthetha ukuba, kuba lula ukukhupha, iindleko zokusebenza kwezoqoqosho ziyacuthwa.
• Inika amandla amaninzi ngexabiso eliphantsi. Kufuneka kuthiwe, nangona zingaluncedo ixesha elide, bomelele kwaye zinexabiso eliphantsi.
• Ukuthuthwa kwayo kunye nokugcinwa kwayo kubiza ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye kulula. Ngokungafaniyo namandla ahlaziyekayo, ukuthuthwa kunye nokugcinwa kwezibaso kulula. Izinto ezihlaziyiweyo zineengxaki zazo iinkqubo zokugcina.

Ukungancedi kubanzi kuba bahlulwe baba ziindidi ezininzi. Siza kuxoxa ngazo ngokwamaqela.

Ububi bendalo

Ukutsha, ukukhupha, ukuhambisa kunye nokuhambisa la mafutha aneziphumo ezizizo kwimpembelelo yendlu eluhlaza. Phantse Iipesenti ezingama-80 zokukhutshwa kwekhabhon diokside kwihlabathi liphela zivela ekusetyenzisweni kwezibaso.

Iziphumo zempilo

Abemi bayachaphazeleka kukungcola kwaye banengxaki yokuphefumla kunye nezifo zentliziyo. Awona macandelo abuthathaka kubemi ngabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, abantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Abantwana ngabona bachaphazeleka kakhulu, kuba ngokubaleka ngakumbi ngelixa udlala, baphefumla umoya ngakumbi kwaye basela amanzi ngakumbi. Imetabolism yakho ayikaphuhliswa ngokwaneleyo ukuba isuse izinto eziyingozi.

Masithembe ukuba amandla ahlaziyekayo athatha indawo yezibaso kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.