Inyukliya (22,6%), umoya (19,2%) kunye i-thermals yamalahle (17,4%) bahlala kwi-3 ephezulu yetekhnoloji yokuvelisa umbane kwi-2017.
Imbalela enkulu (Amachibi angama-38% ubuninzi bawo) anika ukuzalwa kwakhona amalahle. Imvula ephantsi ilinciphisile igalelo lokuveliswa kwe-hydraulic kwinkqubo yombane ukuya kwi-7,3% yetotali iyonke.
Ngenxa yoku, ibango kufuneka lisuswe ngamalahle kunye negesi (ethe yanikela nge-31,1%, phantse isinye kwisithathu semfuno).
Ngelishwa, oko kuthetha ukwanda kokukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza.
Enye into kukuphinda kusebenze-amandla afakiweyo angakhange anyuke kunyaka ophelileyo-imele i-33,7% yemveliso yombane (yayiyi-40,8% ngo-2016).
Umxube wamandla ngo-2017 wawuzinzile, uxhaswa ngamandla enyukliya nawomoya. Le yokugqibela yahlala kumanqanaba afanayo nango-2016 (19,2%). "Amandla omoya atshintsha apha ngaphakathi nangamaxesha, kodwa kubalo lonyaka umahluko uphantsi", uphakamisa uFernando Ferrando, umongameli weFundación Renovables.
Ngelishwa, ukuhla kwe imveliso hydraulic libeke eli candelo kwindawo yesithandathu (lisukile kwi-14,6% laya kwi-7,3%).
Oku kuncipha kugutyungelwe ngamalahle (enyuka ukusuka kwi-14,3% ukuya kwi-17,4% yemfuno) kwaye, ngo umlinganiselo omncinci, ngegesi.
Akukho nkqubela phambili yenziwayo kutshintsho lwexesha elizayo
UPedro Linares, unjingalwazi kaSihlalo wezaMandla kunye noQinisekiso kwiYunivesithi yasePontifical yaseComillas uthi, utshintsho lwamandla lubonelela iimpawu zokuthintela. "Ukuba ubukho bamanzi agciniweyo buncitshisiwe, ubuncwane esingenakho ukubulawula, kunye nenye into ekhoyo ngamalahle negesi, iziphumo bubunzima obukhulu bezibaso zefosili kunye nokukhutshwa kwerhasi eninzi",
Unjingalwazi wongeza izibonelelo zepaki enkulu ye-hydraulic, kuba "ukuba kukho unyaka olungileyo, umxube wombane ucocekile kakhulu." Ukongeza, le yintsika ephambili yokomeleza okanye yokuxhasa imithombo evuselelekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kumanzi emvula kubangela ukuba semngciphekweni kwenkqubo, kuba kutshintsha kwe mozulu Inokwenza iziqendu zemveliso ephantsi ye-hydraulic iphindaphindwe.
Utshintsho lwexesha elizayo
Ngesi sizathu, kwimeko apho ubutyebi bamanzi bukhula kwaye buncipha, uLinares ukholelwa ekubeni “kufuneka siqale siqwalasele ukuba sithatha njani indawo yamandla e-fossil ngamandla ahlaziyekayo, okokuqala endaweni yamalahle kwaye, kamva, igesi, into eyimfuneko ukufezekisa ngokupheleleyo decarbonization yenkqubo yombane ”. Eyona nto iphambili iya kuba kukumisela inqanaba lokutshintshwa kwala mafutha.
Iingcali zibiza ezinye izinto ezinokuhlaziywa ukuze zingaxhomekeki kumanzi emvula.
Abasemagunyeni kunye neengcali babona kufanelekile ukuba baphule indlela ukuze bafezekise utshintsho lwamandla baye kwimodeli ezinzileyo. “Awunakho ukutshintsha imodeli ukusuka kolunye usuku uye kolunye; kodwa ukuba kukho intando yezopolitiko, nantoni na enokwenzeka.
Ingxaki kukuba kukho ii-oligopolies kunye nezinto ezininzi ezinomdla ezisengozini.
Iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ekubeni: “Ingxoxo yokuba, ekubeni ingani, akukho ndlela yimbi ngaphandle kokubhenela kumalahle kwaye, ke ngoko, umbane ubiza kakhulu ayamkelekanga. Asinakukunika into ayitshintshi, njengomntu ova ubunzima engathethi ”.
Kumazwe aliqela, afana neDenmark, iJamani, iNetherlands namanye ... abayekanga ukutyala imali kulungiso lwenkqubo yombane, oko kukuthi “ukulahla iifosili kunye nenyukliya, kwaye unike indlela kwinkqubo esekwe kwizinto ezinokuhlaziywa ”.
Kukho ezininzi ezintle yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji esekwe kwizinto ezinokuhlaziywa kwaye, ukongeza, kumazwe anika ingxelo yobukhulu kwicandelo lezoqoqosho ”.
Iifandesi ezinkulu ezingenabhabhoni
URhulumente sele ephuhlise isicwangciso sokonyusa ubukho bemithombo evuselelekayo, ngenkqubo yefandesi esele inikezele ngeegawathi ezingama-8.737 zamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukufezekisa i-20% yamandla ombane. ivuseleleke Ngo-2020, njengoko kwaphawulwa sisivumelwano saseParis.
Amaxabiso echibi
Okwangoku, amaxabiso emveliso amalunga ne-euro ezingama-53 ngeyure nganye ye-megawatt (MWh), kodwa ukuba sijonga kwihlabathi liphela, amandla sele efumaneka amaxabiso asezantsi kakhulu, umzekelo, I-17 ye-euro nge-MWh efunyenwe kwifandesi yasimahla ebibanjwe kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo eMexico.
Kodwa ngokweengcali ezininzi, “Inkqubela phambili encinci yenziwe kwindlela yokufumana umxube we-100% wamandla ahlaziyekayo; zombini umoya kunye namandla elanga bakhubazekile, kwaye akukho zicwangciso zokwenza ngaphandle kwamalahle nenyukliya "
