Njengoko sisazi, ungcoliseko lomoya yingxaki yokusingqongileyo kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Amazwe ahambele phambili ngawona akhupha ezona gesi zegreenhouse zisiya emoyeni ngonyaka. Ubungakanani bezi gesi bubangela ukugcinwa okukhulu kobushushu emoyeni kwaye, ke ngoko, ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu aphakathi komhlaba. Kuba eyona gesi inkulu yokungcola ekhutshelwa emoyeni yi-carbon dioxide, isixhobo soqoqosho esaziwa njenge iikhredithi zekhabhoni.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iikhredithi zekhabhoni kwaye zisetyenziswa njani.
Zithini iikhredithi zekhabhoni
Luhlobo lwesixhobo soqoqosho esacingwa ekuvunyweni komgaqo olandelwayo waseKyoto kwaye sinceda ukulawula ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni dayoksayidi ngamazwe akulo mgaqo. Kunokuthiwa bangamalungelo elizwe ukukhupha le gesi yendlu eluhlaza. Ikhredithi nganye yekhabhoni ilingana netoni enye yecarbon dioxide engasasebenziyo emoyeni ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kwezi gesi ngexesha lokuvelisa okanye ngenxa yokungeniswa kwetekhnoloji entsha.
Kwaye yile teknoloji iqhubela phambili ngohlobo lokuba iyenze ibe nkulu imveliso ngokukhupha iigesi ezingcolisa umoya ezingaphantsi nangaphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ayinakuphepheka ukufikelela kwinqanaba lokuphuma ngaphandle kokubakho kwamandla ahlaziyekayo. Nanini na xa zisetyenziswa iifosili kuyakubakho ukukhutshwa kwegesi yendlu eluhlaza.
Isebenza njani iCredits Credits
Ezi ndlela zisekwe kwiprotocol yaseKyoto zinenkqubo xa zisetyenziswa. Makhe sihlalutye ukuba zeziphi ezi ndlela:
- I-ERU, iCandelo lokuNciphisa ukukhutshwa (JI) okanye i-UREIbhekisa kwiyunithi yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezi gesi emoyeni. Iyunithi nganye ilingana netoni enye yecarbon dioxide eyekile ukukhutshelwa kwiatmosfera ngenxa yokuphehlelelwa kweprojekthi edibeneyo yokusetyenziswa phakathi kwamazwe. Olu hlobo lweprojekthi lunokusekwa phakathi kwelizwe elinye okanye aliqela ukuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo yokunciphisa ukungcola kwendalo.
- I-CER, UkuNcitshiswa kokuNgcitshiswa okuqinisekisiweyo (i-CDM) okanye i-RCE: Oku kukuncitshiswa okuqinisekisiweyo kokukhutshwa kwaye kumela itoni enye yekhabhon dayoksayidi eyekile ukukhutshwa nevelisiweyo yaqinisekiswa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwesikimu esiquka inkqubo yophuhliso ecocekileyo. Kulapha apho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukubonga kongcoliseko ekufakweni kwetekhnoloji entsha.
- I-RMU, iCandelo lokususa (amaHlathi namaHlathi) okanye i-UDA: ithathela ingqalelo iyunithi yokufunxa ikharbon diokside ngokwemimandla. Indlela i-ecosystem efunxa ngayo icarbon dioxide kungenxa yefotosinthesisi. Ukunyusa umgangatho wefotosinthesisi yendawo, iinkqubo zokuphinda kuthengwe kwakhona okanye ukugcinwa kwamahlathi kuyenziwa. Enye yeendlela zokunciphisa ubungakanani bekhabhon diokside ekhutshwa emoyeni kukunciphisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba izityalo ezimbalwa zikhona, izinga le-photosynthesis elincinci liya kubakho. Indlela engathanga ngqo yokunciphisa ubungakanani beegesi zegreenhouse esizikhuphayo kukukhuthaza inani lezityalo ezinokufunxa icarbon dioxide.
Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokunciphisa ungcoliseko
Okwenziwa zezi khredithi zekhabhoni ngendlela esisiseko kukuseka iziseko ezilula ukuze zikwazi ukubala isixa segesi ezikhutshelwa emoyeni kunye nendlela yokuphelisa ukukhutshwa kwazo. Ezi khredithi zekhabhoni zifakiwe kwizicwangciso zamanye amazwe zokuphucula iinzame zokunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nazo zonke iziphumo ezingalunganga ezinazo kwindalo nakubantu.
Kwaye kungenxa yokuba sigxile kwenye yeengxaki zokusingqongileyo kwinqanaba lehlabathi elinokubangela iingxaki ezingakumbi ebantwini. Utshintsho lwemozulu yinto enokuthi iguqule ubomi bomntu njengoko sisazi. Ukuba iqondo lobushushu lehlabathi liphakama ngaphezulu kwe-2 degrees Celsius, Zonke izinto eziphilayo ziya kulungiswa phantse zingenakulungiseka. Kwakukho namhlanje, oku kwanda kwamaqondo obushushu sele kwenzekile. Ngesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuseka imigaqo-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo ukunciphisa ukungcola ngokwazisa amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye neendlela ezinobuchwepheshe.
Ngaphakathi kwiikhredithi zekhabhoni kungenisa ngokungangqalanga izikhokelo eziza kuthathelwa ingqalelo ngokubhekisele ekusebenzeni kwamandla. Omabini amashishini kunye nezixeko ezikhulu ezinamandla afanelekileyo okusebenza kwamandla ziya kuba nakho ukunciphisa ungcoliseko ngokukhutshwa kwazo. Ngeekhredithi zekhabhoni kwenziwa ilinge lokulinganisa izixa zokukhutshwa zizonke Banokukhutshwa yinkampani okanye ishishini kwinqanaba elingaphezulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba isambuku sazo zonke iinkampani kunye namashishini elizweni kufuneka anciphise ukukhutshwa ukuze babe neziphumo zehlabathi. Apha sikwazisa umxholo wehlabathi.
Amaqondo okuphuma aphezulu
Into ekufuneka ithintelwe kuzo zonke iindleko kukuba kukho intsalela kumyinge weegesi esizikhuphayo ngaphezu kwento esinokuyifumana. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinje Ukuphinda kutyalwe kwakhona kunye nokuhluma kwamahlathi ukwandisa eli nqanaba lokufunxa. Enye indlela yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kukungeniswa kwamandla kwizakhiwo. Ngale ndlela siyiphumeza loo nto ngetekhnoloji enkulu sinciphisa ungcoliseko kodwa asiyeki ukonwabela itekhnoloji kunye nentuthuzelo.
Kukho ixabiso lemali elinikezelwe kule ntsalela yokukhupha kwaye inokuthengiswa. Ngokusisiseko, bangena kwiiprojekthi ezifuna ukubuyekeza ukungcola. Oku kuthetha ukuba icarbon dioxide ekhutshwa emoyeni iyahlaziywa. Ngokuyintloko ezi projekthi zineenjongo eziphambili zokuphinda kutyalwe amahlathi kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo okanye kumazwe asakhasayo.
Njengoko ubona, kwanongcoliseko kunye nefuthe lendlu eluhlaza linokuba yindlela yokuseka urhwebo lwamanye amazwe. Nangona kunjalo, eyona njongo iphambili kukuthintela iziphumo ezibi zokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nekhredithi yekhredithi.