Enye yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwitekhnoloji yale mihla Yinyani. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini eyadlulayo iqela le-physicists lalinokuqikelela ubukho bayo kuba basebenzise iindlela ezahlukileyo zekhompyuter ezichaza indlela i-boron athom enokuthi idibane ngayo ukuze yenze umaleko omncinci wento ene-atom enye yobukhulu. Lo mbandela unokusetyenziswa okuninzi kwicandelo lobuchwepheshe kunye nophuhliso ngalo lonke ixesha kunokufunyanwa iziphumo ezingcono.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga nazo zonke iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-borophene.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Xa i-borophene yafunyanwa, itekhnoloji ayenzanga ukuba kwenzeke ukuvelisa izinto ezinempawu ezintle njengoko zinjalo namhlanje. Ukulindeleka kwamaqela enzululwazi asebenza kwezi kristali ze-borophene ziphezulu kakhulu, kuba inezicelo ezingapheliyo kumhlaba onomtsalane. Sifumana usetyenziso kwi-superconductivity kunye nakwimveliso yebhetri, phakathi kwabanye. Nangona koku ndibalayo kubonakala ngathi kungaphezulu kwe- graphene, Izithembiso ze-borophene.
I-Boron yinto yemichiza esetyenziselwa ukwenza le nto. I-semiconductor evumela ukuqhuba umbane wombane okanye isebenze njengesihambisi ngokuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo, ubushushu, imitha okanye ezinye iimeko. Ukuba sisiqingatha sesinyithi, ineempawu ezithile zezo zinto ziyinyithi kunye nezo zingezizo ezentsimbi.
Uqweqwe lomhlaba weplanethi yethu luqukethe i-boron encinci. Inokukhutshwa ematyeni anje nge-borax okanye i-colemanite. La matye akhiwa ngokwendalo ngenxa yokonyuka kwamanzi atyebile kwiityiwa ezivela kwamanye amachibi. La machibi aphantsi kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye akwiindawo eziyinkqantosi, imozulu yazo eyomileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ukuchithwa kwe-boron kunokufumaneka elwandle ngenxa yemvula yamasuntswana amiswe emoyeni.
Ukuze ube nakho ukwenza iphepha le-borophene ii-atom kufuneka zidityaniswe ukuze zenze umaleko omnye oyi-atom enye ubukhulu. Ezi zezinye zeempawu ezenza yahluke kwezinye izinto. Oku kuthetha ukuba, ngokulula, kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukudibanisa zonke ezi athom ngendlela evelisa umaleko omnye weeathom. Ukuphumeza oku akukho lula. Obu bunzima buchaza ikakhulu ixesha elidlulileyo okoko izinto esizaziyo njenge-borophene zafunyanwa de izazinzulu zenze ngempumelelo iilebhu zazo. Ukwenza le nto, ulwenziwo olwahlukeneyo lwenziwe kusetyenziswa iikhompyuter ukuze zikwazi ukuqikelela ukuba zeziphi izinto ezifunekayo ezifunekayo ukuze zikwazi ukudibanisa uluhlu olunye lweeathom.
Ukuveliswa kwe-borophene
Ukwenza i-borophene, kusetyenziswe inkqubo efanayo kakhulu esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa idayimane yokwenziwa. Le nkqubo yaziwa ngokuba kukubekwa komphunga kwemichiza. Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuba le nkqubo yokufakwa komphunga wamachiza ibandakanya ukufezekisa ukuba igesi eyayikwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kwaye iqulethe ii-athomu ze-boron zinokuxinana kumphezulu ofanayo. Lo mgangatho kufuneka wenziwe ngesilivere esulungekileyo. Isilivere esulungekileyo kufuneka ibe kwiqondo lobushushu elisezantsi kakhulu kunelerhasi ukuze idibane kwaye idibanise kuyo. Yile ndlela ikwazi ngayo ukwamkela ifom eyahlukileyo apho yenziwe ngothotho lweeathom.
Ukukhetha ukusebenzisa isilivere esulungekileyo akunakulinganiswa ngokulinganayo. Ezi atom ziyaziwa ngokufumana ubumbano obufanayo bekristale kunye nobume. Ngokuba nobume bomphezulu obufanayo, inokunyanzela iiathom ze-boron ukuba zamkele ubumbeko olufana nalo mgangatho. Xa irhasi inxibelelana nomphezulu wesilivere esulungekileyo ikwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi kakhulu irhasi iyakwazi ukudibanisa ngesakhiwo esifanayo. Yile ndlela ifezekiswa ngayo i-grid enamacala alinganayo emilo yegridi.
Isixhobo esivelisiweyo ligumbi lokufaka umphunga wamachiza. Iplasma yi-violet ngombala kwaye yirhasi eyayikwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kwaye equlathe amasuntswana azakufakwa kwaye adityaniswe kwinto eyenziwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba umaleko wee-athomu ze-boron aziqheleki ngokupheleleyo kuba ezinye ii-athomu ziye zize zenze ubudlelwane kunye nezinye ii-atom ezi-6 ezinazo. Uninzi lwazo luseka kuphela iibhondi ezinee-4-5 ngaphezulu zeeathom. Oku kubangela ukuveliswa kwemingxunya emininzi kulwakhiwo engenabungozi kuphela, kodwa ikwanoxanduva lwezinye zeempawu ze-physicochemical borophene enayo iyonke.
Izinto ezilindelweyo zeBorophene
Ukunikezelwa kweempawu eziphambili esixoxe ngazo malunga ne-borophene, kukho izinto ezilindelweyo luluntu kunye noluntu lwenzululwazi. Ezimbini zeempawu ezichaza ukuba kutheni i-graphene ivelise ulindelo olukhulu kungenxa yokuba lukhuni kakhulu kwezinto kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo okuphezulu. Eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba into enganyangekiyo kwaye igcinwe inokuguquguquka okuncinci.. Kuyamangalisa ke ngoko ukuba zonke izazinzulu ezichaphazelekayo ekudalweni kwe-borophene ziqinisekisile ukuba izinto ziyaguquguquka kwaye zinzima kune-graphene.
Oososayensi bathi le nto inzima kunedayimane. Ukongeza, ngumbane wombane ogqwesileyo njengoko enesalathiso sokuhambisa ubushushu obuphezulu. Esi salathisi sinoxanduva lokulinganisa ubungakanani bokuhambisa amandla ngohlobo lobushushu. Elinye inqaku elivelisa ulindelo olukhulu kukuba likhanya kakhulu kwaye phantsi koxinzelelo olufanelekileyo kunye neemeko zobushushu liziphatha njenge-superconductor. Inesakhono esikhulu sokubamba iiathom zehydrojeni kwaye inokuthi isebenze ekuphenduleni imichiza njengesiqhelo. Zonke ezi zinto zenza I-borophene yenye yezinto ezinomdla kakhulu kwiplanethi esandula ukufunyanwa.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi nge-borophen kunye neempawu zayo.