Ngokuqinisekileyo wakhe weva graphene kumaxesha amaninzi. Luhlobo lwemathiriyeli enezicelo ezininzi kuba inenani elikhulu leepropathi. Ngokuvela kwetekhnoloji, kuye kwafunwa ezinye iindlela zokwenza izinto ezintsonkothileyo nezisebenzayo ngexabiso eliphantsi lemveliso.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, iipropathi, ukusetyenziswa kunye nomnqweno wegraphene.
Yintoni igraphene
Luhlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo ezenziwa ngamaqela eeathom zekhabhoni ezimiswe kunye zinika imilo enamacala amathandathu. Ukucwangciswa kweeathom kwenza i-monolayer eyi-atom enye kuphela. Itholakala rhoqo kwaye ininzi kwindalo ngohlobo lwegraphite. Ukusetyenziswa komntu grafite ngendlela eqhelekileyo kwiipensile. Imilimitha enye yegrafayithi Iyakwazi ukuba ne-3 yezigidi zeengqimba zegraphene.
Iipropathi zeGraphene
Siphawule ukuba inezicelo ezininzi namhlanje. Kwaye yinto enezinto ezinomdla kakhulu. Ezi ndawo zidityaniswa bubuninzi bekhabhoni kwindalo. Oku kwenza i-graphene ibe yinto enamathuba amakhulu kwaye ifundwe ngokubanzi luluntu lwenzululwazi. Siza kukhankanya ukuba zeziphi ezona zinto ziphambili zegraphene:
- Ukuqhuba okuphezulu kobushushu: Inceda ukuqhuba ubushushu phakathi kwezinto kunye nokwenza amandla okuhambisa amandla.
- Ukuqhuba kombane okuphezulu: Kukwasebenza ukuseka iisekethi zombane kuba uqhuba kakuhle kakhulu umbane.
- Inani elikhulu kakhulu lokuqina kunye nokuguquguquka: Njengoko inezipropathi, zizinto ezinokubumba ezinokulungelelaniswa neemeko ezahlukeneyo.
- Yobulukhuni High: lo mthamo unika uxhathiso olukhulu.
- Ukumelana High: iphantse yamalunga nama-200 ukomelela kunentsimbi. Inokuchasana okufanayo nedayimani, kodwa inobunzima obulula kakhulu.
- Ayichaphazeleki yimitha ye-ionizing.
- Iyakwazi ukuvelisa umbane ngokuwabeka elangeni kangangexesha.
- Yinto ebonakalayo
- Ukuxinana kwayo okuphezulu ayivumeli iiathom ze-helium zidlule, kodwa iyavumela ukugqitha kwamanzi okunokuphuma ngomphunga ngesantya esifanayo njengoko bekuya kuba kwisikhongozeli esivulekileyo.
- Inefuthe lokulwa neentsholongwane: izinto kunye nokwakheka kwazo akuvumeli ukuba iintsholongwane zikhule kumphezulu wazo.
- Yenza ukufudumeza ngokuqhuba ii-elektron-Le yipropathi onokuqhuba ngayo nakombane.
- Sebenzisa umbane ophantsi ukuba siyayithelekisa nezinye iikhompawundi: oku kungakhokelela kulondolozo olukhulu kwixesha elide.
Izicelo
Ngenxa yazo zonke iipropathi esizichazileyo, siyazi ukuba i-graphene inokusetyenziswa okukhulu kumacandelo amaninzi oshishino kunye netekhnoloji. Kwintsimi ye-elektroniki isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwee-transistors, ii-microchips, ukukhula kwee-inks eziqhubayo, njl. Kwintsimi ye Amandla ahlaziyekayo anokukhulisa ukusetyenziswa kwawo njengoko kunjalo kumandla elanga. Kwaye kukuba sinokwazisa i-graphene kwiipaneli zelanga ukuze sikwazi ukwandisa ukusebenza kwazo xa sivelisa amandla amaninzi.
Elinye icandelo apho kusetyenziswa igraphene kukwicandelo leemoto. Ingasetyenziselwa iibhetri ukwandisa ukuzimela kunye nokunciphisa amaxesha okutshaja. Ngale ndlela, siphucula ukusebenza kweemoto zombane.
Iibhetri zeGraphene
Le nto inamandla ngokuphindwe kalikhulu kunentsimbi. Ubuninzi bayo bufana kakhulu ne-carbon fiber. Uncedo olunalo ngaphezulu kwayo kukuba inobunzima obungamaxesha ama-100 ngaphantsi kwe-aluminium. Inekristale enamacala amabini enezinto ezizodwa ezenza kube lula ukudibanisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nokubumba apho ungazifaka khona ukuze zisebenze kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki.
Iibhetri zeGraphene zezo zithembisa ubomi obude, ukusebenza okungcono kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ziyabonakala ngokubandezeleka okuncinci ngexesha, Banobomi obude obude kunesiqhelo.
Uncedo abalunikayo ngaphezulu kwezinye iibhetri eziqhelekileyo kukuba zivumela ukusebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, zisenza isisombululo esifanelekileyo sokuphucula ubomi obuluncedo beebhetri zemoto zombane. Oku kongeza ukudityaniswa kwesibonelelo sokwenza ukuba imoto yombane ingabizi ubusuku bonke kuba inesakhono esaneleyo sokuchitha amandla ngexesha lohambo.
Ngokwendleko, banikezela ngamathuba ahlukeneyo ngexabiso elinokhuphiswano kwimarike. Zingabizi kakhulu kunezinye iibhetri eziqhelekileyo esizifumana namhlanje kwiimarike. Ukuba sihlalutya uncedo abalunikelayo lokwenza Ukuba ufuna ukutshaja isithuthi sombane ebusuku, siyabona ukuba ethubeni ibonisa ukonga okubalulekileyo.
Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga
Siza kuchaza ukuba zeziphi izibonelelo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga ze-graphene ngokubhekisele kwezinye izinto. Ezi zizibonelelo zayo eziphambili:
- Ngeepropathi zayo ezinkulu kunye nokuphindaphindiweyo sinako ukwenza phantse zonke iintlobo zezicelo ngokufanelekileyo.
- Kuba ubunzima bayo buphezulu, sinexesha elide kunentsimbi ngaphandle kokuthamba kunye nokuguquguquka okungaguquguqukiyo.
- Ngokukwazi ukuqhuba umbane kunye nobushushu ivela kwimisebenzi emininzi.
- Ibhetri ye graphene Iyakwazi ukutshaja ibhetri yefowuni kwimizuzu emi-5 nje.
- Ingasebenza njengeyeza lokulwa nomhlaza.
Phakathi kweengxaki ezinazo ezi zinto, siza kushwankathela ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo:
- Nangona abaphandi bezama ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi izinto ezinokusetyenziswa kwi-graphene, Ayizizo zonke iinkqubo ezifumana okona kuninzi kuwo. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba kungabikho zicelo zentengiso zolu hlobo lwezinto okwangoku. Luhlobo nje lokuphazamiseka okwethutyana.
- Izicelo zorhwebo: eli nqaku lisuselwe kwelo langaphambili. Nangona engaphezulu kwama-60.000 amanqaku ezenzululwazi afunda ngezi zinto, akukho mveliso zorhwebo zenziwe ngegraphene.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga ne-graphene, iipropathi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.