Iingcali zithi uguquko lokuqala lwamandla amakhulu ngamalahle. Emva kwexesha, ioyile yayiza kufika, kunye namahla-ndinyuka ayo kwezopolitiko ukuguqula umhlaba. iimarike zamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye ngoku bathi ikamva lelokuhlaziywa.
Ihlabathi lidiniwe ngamalahle. Ukongeza kokungoyena mthombo ungcolisayo, kwezoqoqosho akusasebenzi njengakuqala. Ezi zizizathu eziphambili zokucutha ukusetyenziswa kwayo, ngo-2016 imveliso yamalahle yehle kakhulu, into engazange yabonwa kule minyaka ili-100 idlulileyo.
Ngokutsho kwe Uhlalutyo lwe-BP Statistical 2017, ukuveliswa kwamalahle kwehle nge-6,2% ukuya kwi-231 yezigidi zeetoni zeoyile elinganayo (iMtoe), lelona liso liphezulu kwimbali. Imveliso yase China ifumene ikhontrakthi nge-7,9% ukuya kwi-140 Mtoe, nayo eyehla irekhodi. Ngelixa imveliso yaseMelika yehliswa nge-19% ukuya kwi-85 Mtoe.
Kwimeko yaseSpain, ukuveliswa kwamalahle nako uthinte phantse umhlaba. Ishiywe kwi-0,7 yezigidi zeetoni zeoyile ezilinganayo. I-43,3% ingaphantsi kunango-2015. Ukuthelekisa, kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo iSpain yavelisa ngaphezulu kwe-6 Mtoe (ikakhulu e-Asturias).
Ngamafutshane, i ukusetyenziswa kwehlabathi amalahle ehle nge-53 yezigidi zeetoni zeoli elilinganayo (Mtoe), okanye i-1,7%, ukwehla kwesibini ngokulandelelana konyaka. Okona kuncipha kukhulu ekusebenziseni amalahle kwaqwalaselwa e-US (-33 Mtoe, ukwehla kwe-8,8%) kunye ne-China (-26 Mtoe, -1,6%). Ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle e-UK yawa ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-52,5%, okanye kwi-12 Mtoe) kwelona nqanaba liphantsi, konke ngokweerekhodi zoVavanyo lweBP Statistical.
Sele sikubonile ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamalahle e-UK. Ungalibona inqaku LAPHA
Ngayo yonke le datha, isabelo samalahle sokusetyenziswa kwamandla okusisiseko kwehle kwi-28,1%, ipesenti esezantsi ukusukela ngo-2004.
Ngelishwa, ngaphandle kokuhla kokusetyenziswa kwamalahle, inani lokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 emoyeni alikawi kwaphela. Iplanethi ingcoliswe phantse ngokufanayo ngo-2016 njengonyaka ngaphambili. Ewe kunjalo, ngexesha lesithathu le-2014-16, ukukhula kokukhutshwa komndilili kuye kwaba njalo elisezantsi kunaliphi na ixesha iminyaka emithathu ukusuka ngo-1981 ukuya ku-1983.
Ioyile yeyona nto iphambili
Ioyile iye kwakhona, njengakwiminyaka yamashumi akutshanje, ngowona mthombo wamandla ubalulekileyo emhlabeni. Nangona kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba bekungafani nakuqala. Imveliso kunye nedatha yokusetyenziswa yonyuke kancinci, kungoko ke kusekude ukuba baqale ukuwa kwabo njengamalahle.
Ngokubhekisele kwirhasi yendalo, ibango lehlabathi likhule ngenxalenye elungileyo kwidatha yokusetyenziswa okumangalisayo eYurophu ekhule ngaphezulu kwe-7%, neRussia njengendlalifa. Eli lizwe, nangona kunjalo, lelona linciphise ukusetyenziswa kwalo kakhulu kunyaka ophelileyo.
Amandla anokuhlaziywa
Ngethamsanqa, apho sikhula kakhulu khona kumandla ahlaziyekayo. Enkosi ngenkqubela phambili kwi-R & D, ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji, izinto ezinokuhlaziywa zezona zikhula ngokukhawuleza emhlabeni.
Ukonyuka kwemveliso yamandla acocekileyo bekuyi-14% ukuba umbane we-hydroelectric uyabandakanywa. Yeyona pesenti iphantsi yokunyuka, kodwa ngo-2016 umbane uveliswe ngakumbi kunakuqala kwizinto ezivuselelekayo.
Lilonke, iitoni ezingama-53 ezigidi zeoyile ezilinganayo, inani elifanayo nokusetyenziswa kwamalahle.
Kulo nyaka, i-China izibhengeze njengenkosi evuselelekayo ngokugqitha i-US kwimveliso. Njengoko sinike izimvo kule webhusayithi ngamanani umoya neeprojekthi zelanga.
Ngokubhekisele kwinyukliya, ukuvelisa emhlabeni kunyuke nge-1,3% ngo-2016, okanye nge-9,3 Mtoe. I-China ibala lonke ukwanda kwenetha, ngokunyuka kwe-24,5%.
Okokugqibela, ukuveliswa kombane kunyuswe nge-2,8% ngo-2016, (27,1 Mtoe). I-China (10,9 Mtoe) kunye ne-US (3,5 Mtoe) zibonelele ukuba ukunyuka okukhulu. IVenezuela ifumene ukwehla okukhulu (-3,2 Mtoe).
Kukho amazwe afana neGuatemala, enemveliso yamandla ephantse ibe yi-100%, apho Uninzi lwayo luvela kumbane wamanzi, ngamaxesha emvula encinci basebenzisa amanye amandla ahlaziyekayo njengomoya okanye ilanga.