Ye- iifosili Ungathatha iimveliso ezininzi ezisetyenziswa kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Uninzi lweemveliso Iziphumo zePetroleum zezo zikhutshwe kwiihydrocarbon kwaye zilungiswa kwindawo yokucoca. Ezi mveliso zihlala zididekile kunye ne-petrochemicals, eziyimichiza esulungekileyo, ngelixa ezo zivela kwi-petroleum ziyindibaniselwano entsonkothileyo.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga ne-petroleum derivatives.
Zeziphi iimveliso zepetroleum
Iphatha iimveliso ezivela kwiihydrocarbons ezenziwa kwindawo yokucoca. Kukho imfuno yeemveliso zepetroleum ezinokuthi zenziwe ezinye iimveliso. Ezi ke zizithuthi zokuhambisa ezisusela kwipetroli ukuya kwioyile yeoyile. Uninzi lwezibaso ezenziwa kwi-petroleum zinokudityaniswa ukuze zifunyanwe ipetroli, idizili, ipetroli okanye amafutha okufudumeza.
Ezinye izinto ezivela kwipetroleum ezinobunzima obukhulu zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-asphalt, iparafini, izinto zokuthambisa, itela kunye nezinye iioyile ezinobunzima obukhulu. Iikhemikhali zinokuveliswa kwiindawo ezininzi zokucoca ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiplastikhi kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa ngabantu. Umzekelo, ipetroleum coke yimveliso yentengiso eveliswe kwiindawo zokucoca.
Nangona kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zepetroleum, ezona zixhaphakileyo zioyile yamafutha esetyenziselwa ukufudumeza kunye nokuveliswa kombane okanye i-asphalt. I-asphalt yinto esetyenziselwa ulwakhiwo lwendlela. I-petrolium ingasetyenziswa njengempahla ekrwada yenza izinto zokwenziwa, iiplastiki kunye neekhemikhali ezinokusetyenziswa kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.
Njengemveliso yenkunkuma emva kokucokiswa kweoyile, ezinye iintsalela ziveliswa ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza ezinye izinto. Kuqikelelwa ukuba zingaphezulu kwama-6.000 iimveliso ezinokuveliswa ngenkunkuma yokucokisa. Ezona zixhaphakileyo zizichumisi, izinambuzane, i-petroleum jelly, iisepha, ilinoliyam, iziqholo, iivithamini njengezinye. Njengoko ubona, ioyile izama ukuyenza kakhulu.
Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umphanda oyile umthamo weelitha ezili-150. Umphanda oyile ungenza ukuya kwiilitha ezingama-75 zepetroli. Oseleyo kulo mgqomo usetyenziselwa ukwenza amakhulu eemveliso zemihla ngemihla. Ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo zii-inki, iipolishi zenzipho, iingcango, izinto zokuthambisa, iifowuni, iikhamera, iiplastikhi, iisepha, ii-antiseptics kunye nemibala, phakathi kwezinye.
Uninzi lweemveliso zepetroleum
Siza kuhlalutya ukuba zeziphi ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yepetroleum.
Itela
I-Asphalt lulwelo oluncamathelayo, olumnyama, olubonakalayo. Kunokuthiwa yeyona ndlela iqinileyo yeoyile ekhoyo. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukwenza iipotifoliyo. I-asphalt inokusetyenziselwa ukungangeni manzi eluphahleni. Kungenxa yokuba yinto enokulungiswa ngokulula kwaye ayivumeli amanzi ukuba angene kuyo.
Iintsinga zokwenziwa
Ezo zenziwe ngeemveliso zepetroleum zixhaphake kakhulu. Phakathi kwezona ziqhelekileyo sifumana i-polyester, i-nylon, i-lightweight kunye ne-acrylic. Ukungancedi kwezi fibre kukuba kungcolisa indalo. Amanye amasuntswana ale micu ahlala kwindalo aze aphelele elwandle, engcolisa imeko yasemanzini. Kukho izazinzulu ezininzi ezizama ukwenza imicu evela kwizinto eziphinda zenziwe ngokutsha ezineziphumo zepetroleum.
Ipropane
Ipropane iqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukwenza ipetroli ngaphakathi isitovu sasekhitshini, iinjini kunye nobushushu obuphakathi. Ipropane ngoku isetyenziswa njenge-biofuel. Yenziwe ngokuqhutywa kwegesi kunye nokucokiswa kweoyile. Ukuba yimveliso ephuma kwimveliso, ayinakusetyenziswa ngokulula ukunyusa ibango. Oko kukuthi, ipropane ayivelwanga ngokuzithandela, kodwa iyimveliso yesixhobo sokucoca ioyile. Zingahanjiswa kwiisilinda zentsimbi.
Izixhobo zokuhlamba
Nangona zikho ezinye iindlela zokuvelisa iisepha, oku yeyona ikhawulezayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho ukwenza iisepha ngeemveliso zepetroleum. Zizinto zokucoca zokwenziwa kwaye zineziphumo zokuba zinokubangela ukucaphuka kwamehlo, imiphunga, ulusu kunye ne-asthma. Olunye uphononongo luthi lube ngumhlaza. Bakwangcolisa amanzi ngokutshabalalisa izityalo nezilwanyana.
Plástico
Iplastikhi sisiphumo sepetroleum ngokugqwesa. Uninzi lweeplastiki zenziwe ngale ndlela. Nangona zingenakuboliswa ziintsholongwane, iiplastiki zinokwenziwa ngokulula kwaye ngexabiso eliphantsi. Ziyamelana namanzi kwaye zinokuguquguquka okukhulu ekusebenziseni kwazo. Sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokungcoliseka komhlaba.
Izongezelelo zeVitamin
Ngubani owaziyo ukuba uninzi lweevithamini zenziwa kwiivithamini eziveliswa kwioyile kwizityalo zemichiza. Iinkampani zenza ezi zongezo zevithamini ngeziveliso zepetroleum njengoko zibiza kakhulu kunokuba zenziwe ngemithombo yendalo. Uninzi lwezi zongezelelo zevithamini Zinevithamini A, ivithamini B6, kunye nevithamini B9.
Iziqholo ezivela kwiPetroleum
Ezi ziqholo zenziwe ngomxube weoyile yamavumba abalulekileyo kunye nokunyibilikisa kunye nokulungisa iikhompawundi zephunga. Ezinye ziyi-petroleum ether, i-toluene, i-benzene kunye ne-hexane. Xa inkqubo yokukhupha igqityiwe, isinyibilikisi sihlala sinyuka kwaye sishiya into eqinileyo. Le nto ihlanjwa nge-ethanol ukuze ikwazi ukwenza iziqholo.
Izichumisi
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kweoyile kukuvelisa i-ammonia esebenza njengesichumisi kwezolimo. Esi sichumisi sihlala sisetyenziswa ngokwendalo ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zebhayoloji kunye nomgquba. Ngelishwa, ezolimo namhlanje zifuna imichiza yokubulala izitshabalalisi eyenziwe kwizityalo ezivela kwipetroleum ukuze izityalo zikhule ngokungaguquguqukiyo nasempilweni. Ingxaki kukuba bangcolisa amanzi kunye nomhlaba.
Njengoko ubona, ngaphandle kweoyile, abantu ngekhe babenemveliso eninzi esiyisebenzisayo mihla le. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nezinto ezivela kwioyile.