UMichael Faraday wayengusosayensi owayenegalelo elikhulu emhlabeni wesayensi. Ngenxa yalo sosayensi, izinto eziningi esizisebenzisayo osukwini lwethu usuku nosuku ziphethwe yi Umthetho kaFaraday. Ukungeniswa kwe-Electromagnetic kuyinqubo lapho amandla kagesi angafakwa ngoshintsho kumandla kazibuthe. Lokhu kungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic kuhlobene ngqo nomthetho kaFaraday.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici nokubaluleka komthetho kaFaraday.
Izici eziyinhloko
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamandla ezibiza ukunyakaza kwesipiliyoni ngaphakathi kwamandla kazibuthe. Amandla atholakele ocingweni oludlulayo ukusakaza kuyisibonelo sakudala somthetho kaFaraday. Kulokhu, amandla ahlangabezana nocingo lapho amandla kagesi edlula khona kungenxa yama-electron ahambayo noma lapho kukhona khona uzibuthe. Le nqubo yenzeka futhi ngenye indlela. Singahambisa ucingo phakathi kwensimu kazibuthe noma sishintshe ubukhulu bamandla kazibuthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kungadala ukugeleza kwamanje.
Umthetho obaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi ukuchaza ukwenziwa kwe-electromagnetic umthetho kaFaraday. Itholwe ngu UMichael Faraday futhi kulinganisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwenkambu kazibuthe eguqukayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nensimu kagesi edalwa yizinguquko. Uma siya emthethweni kaFaraday siyabona ukuthi unalesi sitatimende:
"Amandla kagesi asesekisini evaliwe alingana ngqo nezinga lenguquko ngesikhathi se-magnetic flux edlula kunoma iyiphi indawo enesifunda uqobo njengonqenqemeni."
Ukukhonjiswa komthetho kaFaraday
Sizokhombisa ukuthi umthetho kaFaraday uthini ngesibonelo. Ake sibukeze ukuhlolwa kukaFaraday. Lapha sinebhethri elibhekele ukunikezela ngamandla kagesi kwikhoyili encane. Ngalesi sigaba samandla kagesi insimu kazibuthe idalwa ngokujika kwekhoyili. Ekhoyili kunezintambo zensimbi ezilinywe eksisi laso. Lapho ikhoyili ingena iphuma kwenye enkulu, inamandla kazibuthe akhiqiza i-voltage ngaphakathi kwekhoyili. Le voltage ingalinganiswa nge-galvanometer.
Ukusuka kulokhu kuhlolwa, umthetho kaFaraday ungakhiwa futhi kuthathwe iziphetho eziningi. Zonke iziphetho zalesi silingo zaziphathelene nokwenziwa kwamandla kagesi futhi zaziyisihluthulelo somthetho kaLenz, osetshenziselwa ukuphatha ugesi wesimanje kakhulu esinakho namuhla.
Ake sibheke kafushane indaba kaMichael Faraday lapho akwazi khona ukusungula lo mthetho. Siyazi ukuthi lo sosayensi Wayengumsunguli wemibono emaphakathi mayelana nogesi namandla kazibuthe. Wanikela ngempilo yakhe ekucwaningeni kulo mkhakha wesayensi. Wayejabule kakhulu lapho usosayensi waseDenmark owaziwa ngokuthi u-Oersted ekwazile ukukhombisa ngobuhlobo ubudlelwane obuphakathi kukagesi namandla kazibuthe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1820. Kulesi silingo wakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ucingo olukhona manje lungashukumisa inaliti ebinamandla ngokuphelele nokuthi zingaphakathi kwekhampasi.
UFaraday ukwazile ukuklama izivivinyo eziningi. Esinye sazo sasihlanganisa ukugoqa izintambo zombili zensimbi ezizungeze indandatho yensimbi. Ukuhlola ubudlelwane obuphakathi kukagesi namandla kazibuthe, udlulise amandla kagesi ngenye yama-solenoids ngentambo. Okwamanje kufakwe kokunye. UFaraday uveze ukuthi ukuvela kwemisinga kagesi kube ngoshintsho ekuguqukeni kwamandla kazibuthe okwenzeke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngenxa yalokho, futhi ngenxa yalolu cwaningo, uMichael Faraday ukwazile ukukhombisa ubudlelwane obuphakathi kwezinkundla zamagnetic nezinkambu zikagesi. Ulwazi oluningi luvela kukho konke lokhu okwaba yingxenye yezitatimende zakamuva zemithetho kaMaxwell.
Ifomula yomthetho kaFaraday nezibonelo
Ukusungula ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinkambu zamagnetic nezinkambu zikagesi, kuphakanyiswa ifomula elandelayo.
I-EMF (Ɛ) = dϕ / dt
Lapho i-EMF noma i-Ɛ imele i-Electromotive Force (i-voltage) eyenziwe, ne-dϕ / dt isilinganiso sokuhluka kwesikhashana se-magnetic flux ϕ.
Izinto zansuku zonke njengamahhavini kagesi zenziwa zenziwe ngumthetho kaFaraday. Sizobona ezinye zezibonelo zokusetshenziswa komthetho kaFaraday empilweni yansuku zonke. Siyakwazi lokho cishe bonke ubuchwepheshe bukagesi esinabo namuhla bususelwa kumthetho kaFaraday. Ikakhulukazi, kubalulekile maqondana nayo yonke imishini kagesi efana nama-generator, ama-transformers nama-motors kagesi. Ake sinikeze isibonelo: ukuze sikwazi ukukhiqiza i-motor yamanje eqondile, ulwazi lwalususelwe ikakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwediski lethusi elijikeleza emaphethelweni kazibuthe. Ngenxa yalokhu kunyakaza okujikelezayo, kungakhiwa umsinga oqondile.
Kusuka kulo mgomo kukhishwa konke ukwenziwa kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi njenge-transformer, i-generator yamanje eshintshashintshayo, ibhuleki kazibuthe noma isitofu sikagesi.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kokungeniswa namandla kazibuthe
Siyazi ukuthi isisekelo senkolelo yomthetho kaFaraday siyinkimbinkimbi impela. Ukwazi ukwazi ukuqonda komqondo kokuxhumeka okukhona namandla kazibuthe kuyinhlayiya ekhokhisiwe kulula. Isibonelo, ukukhokhiswa kwentambo ehambayo. Sizozama ukuchaza ukuxhumana phakathi kokungeniswa kwamandla kagesi namandla kazibuthe. Sibheka i-electron ekhululekile ukuhamba ngaphakathi kocingo. Okulandelayo, sibeka ucingo enkanjeni kazibuthe eqondile bese silususa lubhekise ngqo enkanjini. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukuhamba kwalokhu kuhamba ngejubane eliqhubekayo.
Zombili iziphetho zocingo zizoxhunywa zenze ukuvunguza. Ngenxa yokuxhunywa futhi ngale ndlela siqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umsebenzi owenziwe ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi ocingweni uzosakazwa njengokushisa ekumelaneni kocingo. Manje ake sithi umuntu udonsa ucingo ngejubane eliqhubekayo edonsa ngamandla kazibuthe. Njengoba sidonsa ucingo kumele sisebenzise amandla ukuze amandla kazibuthe angaguquguquki angakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ngokwawo. Noma kunjalo, ungashintsha ukuqondiswa kwamandla. Ingxenye yamandla esiwasebenzisayo iqondiswa kabusha, okwenza amandla we-electromotive ku-electron ahamba ngocingo. Yikho lokhu kuphambuka okusungula amandla kagesi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngomthetho kaFaraday nezici zawo.