UMichael Faraday Wayengusosayensi waseBrithani wekhulu leminyaka le-XNUMX. Wazalelwa emndenini ophansi futhi wakwazi ukuthola imfundo eyisisekelo ukuze aqeqeshe kamuva emhlabeni wesayensi. Kwakufanele asebenze esemncane njengomfana ohambisa iphephandaba ukuze akhokhele izifundo zakhe. Ube ngomunye wososayensi abaye banikela ngentuthuko eminingi ekhemistry nakwe-physics.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela yonke i-biography nokuxhashazwa kukaMichael Faraday.
I-Biography kaMichael Faraday
Imayelana nendoda okwakumele isebenze isencane njengendoda eletha iphephandaba ukuze ikhokhele izifundo zayo. Ngesikhathi eneminyaka engu-14 nje ubesenaso isitolo sezincwadi lapho abesebenza khona. Kulapha lapho abe nethuba lokubona izindatshana ezithile zesayensi ezamgqugquzela ukuthi enze izivivinyo zakhe zokuqala. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba kube khona umnikelo omncane wesayensi, ngakho-ke kwakulula kakhulu ukuzinikezela emagatsheni ahlukene esayensi. Kodwa-ke, njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe kuyadingeka ngoba ulwazi olukhona cishe kunoma yiliphi igatsha lesayensi lubanzi kangangokuba unganikela ngempilo yakho yonke kule ngxenye encane yesayensi.
Isibonelo, ezikhathini zasendulo besibona lowo muntu ofanayo bangaba isazi sokuma komhlaba, isazi sezinto eziphilayo, isazi sezitshalo kanye nosokhemisi ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba ngaphambi kokuba kube nemininingwane emincane egatsheni ngalinye lesayensi. Namuhla, kunolwazi oluningi kakhulu futhi kuningi okufanele kwenziwe okufanele ukuthi isazi sezitshalo kumele sigxile egatsheni langaphakathi ngaphakathi kwezitshalo futhi linganikela ngempilo yalo yonke kulo.
Ngemuva kokuhambela izinkulumo ezahlukahlukene ngekhemistri wakwazi ukucela uHumphry Davy ukuthi amamukele njengomsizi elabhorethri yakhe. Lapho omunye wabasizi bakhe eshiya lo msebenzi, lo muntu wawunika uFaraday. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho akwazi khona ukuvelela emkhakheni wamakhemikhali. Okunye okutholwe nguMichael Faraday yi-benzene kanye nokuphendula kokuqala okwaziwayo kokushintshwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Kulokhu kusabela komsila, thola izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali zekhabhoni ezine-chlorine kusuka ku-ethylene. Emuva lapho lokhu kwakungukutholwa okukhulu.
Ngalesi sikhathi siyabona ukuthi usosayensi uHans Christian Oersted uthole amandla kazibuthe akhiqizwa yimisinga kagesi. Ngenxa yalezi zivivinyo, UMichael Faraday ukwazile ukuthuthukisa imoto yokuqala kagesi eyaziwayo. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1831 wasebenzisana noCharles Wheatstone futhi waphenya ngezimo zokungeniswa kwamandla kagesi. Lapho lezi zifundo seziqalile, uFaraday wayekhethekile emkhakheni we-electromagnetism. Ukwazile ukubona ukuthi uzibuthe ohamba ngekhoyili yiwona odonsa amandla kagesi. Lokhu kusivumele ukuthi sibhale umthetho olawula ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngozibuthe.
Izifundo Zesayensi zikaMichael Faraday
Olunye uvivinyo akwazi ukukwenza kwakungukulinga okwenziwe ngogesi. Lezi zivivinyo zamvumela ukuthi ahlobanise ngqo udaba nogesi. Wabona ngokucophelela ukuthi usawoti okhona esitokisini se-electrolytic ufakwa kanjani lapho kudlula amandla kagesi. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlolwa, ukwazile ukuthola ukuthi inani lezinto ezifakiwe lilingana ngqo nenani lamandla kagesi ajikelezayo. Okwamanje kagesi onikeziwe, izisindo ezahlukahlukene zezinto ezifakiwe ahlobene ngqo nokulingana kwawo kwamakhemikhali.
Ukutholwa kukaMichael Faraday kwaba yisinqumo sokuthuthuka kwamakhemikhali. Futhi ukuthi wayenezivivinyo eziningi nezifundo nge-electromagnetism. Le yindlela eminye iminikelo elandelayo kulezi zifundo esiyibonile eyayichaza ngayo intuthuko ye-physics. Esinye isifundo esinjalo kwakuyinkolelo yenkambu kagesi eyethulwe nguJames Clerk Maxwell. Lo mbono wawususelwa emsebenzini wokuphayona owawenziwa nguMichael Faraday.
Ukutholwa
Phakathi kokutholakele nokunikelwe kwisayensi ubukhona be-diamagnetism. Ukwazile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla kazibuthe anamandla okujikeleza indiza yokukhanya okuhlukanisiwe okudlula ezinhlotsheni ezithile zengilazi. Umphumela weFaraday watholakala ku-1845. Lo mphumela awuyilutho olunye ngaphandle kokuphambuka kwendiza yokuhlukaniswa kokukhanya ngenxa yensimu kazibuthe edlula entweni esobala ngokuphelele.
Eminyakeni edlule wakwazi ukubhala ngokukhwabanisa kwamakhemikhali, uphenyo lokuhlola ugesi kanye nophenyo lokuhlola ku-physics nakumakhemikhali.
Ukutholwa kwakhe kokuqala mayelana ne-electromagnetism kwenzeka ngo-1821. Ngokuphinda ukuhlolwa kuka-Oersted ngenaliti enozibuthe ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezizungeze ucingo olubukhoma. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlolwa, wakwazi ukuthola ukuthi intambo yayizungezwe uchungechunge olungenamkhawulo lwemigqa enamandla ayindilinga futhi agxilile. Siyazi ukuthi yonke leqoqo lemigqa yamandla ingamandla kazibuthe akhiqizwa ngamandla kagesi. Qeda waphinde wethulwa nguMichael Faraday.
Uthole ukuthi uma amandla kagesi edluliswa kwikhoyili, kukhiqizwa omunye umsinga wesikhathi esifushane kwenye ikhoyili eseduze. Lokhu kutholakala kwaphawula ingqophamlando enqubekela phambili ekuqhubekeni kwesayensi nomphakathi wonkana. Futhi ukuthi namuhla isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi ngezinga elikhulu ezikhungweni zikagesi. Lo mkhuba usikhombisa nokuthile okusha mayelana nezindawo ezisebenza ngogesi nakuzibuthe. Kungashiwo ukuthi uMichael Faraday wayengubaba wobunjiniyela kagesi.
Iminyaka edlule
Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe washiya umbono woketshezi lukagesi nolwamagnetic ukuze achaze ugesi kanye nozibuthe futhi wethula imiqondo yezinsimu nezinsimu zomugqa. Le mibono isebenze ukuze ikwazi ukuchaza ugesi namandla kazibuthe futhi yasuswa encazelweni yemishini yezinto zemvelo. Lokhu kufakwa kwemiqondo emisha kuchazwe ngu-Albert Einstein njengoshintsho olukhulu ku-physics. Kodwa-ke, kwakudingeka balinde iminyaka eminingana kuze kube yilapho yonke imibono ebonakalayo ingamakwa ngokufanayo. Futhi ukuthi imigqa yenkambu yaseFaraday bekufanele ilinde iminyaka embalwa ukuze yamukelwe ngokuphelele ngumphakathi wesayensi.
Njengoba sike sabonisa phambilini, esinye sezimo uFaraday akwazi ukuzithola, yize kungaziwa kangako, Kungumthelela wensimu kazibuthe kugongolo olukhanyayo. Lo mkhuba waziwa njengomphumela weFaraday. Ekugcineni, washona ngo-Agasti 25, 1867 eLondon.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngoMichael Faraday neminikelo yakhe kwezesayensi.