Ku-physics kwenziwe umzamo wokulandela into enhle eyaziwa ngokuthi ukunyakaza okungapheli. Kuchazwa njengokungenzeka kokwenza ukunyakaza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokwenza noma yimiphi imizamo nokuyigcina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kusukela embonweni wokunyakaza okungapheli, kuvela ithuba lokwakha umshini ongenza umsebenzi womshini unomphela futhi ukhiqize umsebenzi omningi ngamandla abawasebenzisayo.
Kule ndatshana sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezimpawu zokunyakaza okungapheli nokubaluleka kwako.
Imishini yokunyakaza engapheli
Yinto abantu abayifunayo isikhathi eside futhi yileyo mishini echaza ukuthi kungenzeka ukwenza umsebenzi womshini unomphela. Ngisho, uma seziqalile ukwenza umsebenzi kungakhiqiza umsebenzi omningi kunamandla abawasebenzisayo. Kujwayelekile ukuthi konke lokhu kudale impikiswano enkulu emkhakheni we-physics ngokuthi owokuqala nowesibili uzolahleka noma cha. umthetho we-thermodynamics.
Umthetho wokuqala we-thermodynamics yiwona osungula ukongiwa kwamandla. Owesibili yilowo okhuluma ngesici sokuthi ukushisa kufanele kukwazi ukugeleza kusuka ezindaweni lapho kunokushisa okuphezulu kuya ezindaweni lapho kunamazinga okushisa aphansi.
Cishe noma imuphi umshini uyakwazi ukusebenza usebenzisa umthombo wamandla nokwenza umsebenzi. Noma kunjalo, okokufaka kwamandla kufanele kuvuselelwe ukuze umshini uqhubeke nokusebenza kwawo. Kodwa-ke, imishini yokunyakaza engapheli ayihlali kanjena ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kubonakala sengathi yephula imithetho ye-thermodynamics.
Kubhekwa njengokungenakwenzeka ukucabanga abasunguli bale mishini bezama ukukhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka yini lokhu. Uma sibona ukuhlukaniswa kwale mishini sibona ukuthi owokuqala ungakhiqiza umsebenzi ngaphandle kokufakwa kwamandla. Lokhu kuyinto engenakwenzeka ekuqaleni.
Uhlobo lwesibili lomshini wokunyakaza ongapheli yilowo obhekene nokuguqula ngokuzenzekelayo amandla ashisayo abe ngumshini wokusebenza. Yilapho-ke kufika khona umbuzo wokuthi "ikuphi indawo yokugcina amandla". Iqiniso lokungabi nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokudluliswa kwamandla okungumphumela wesibili kulokhu kukhiqizwa komsebenzi liyamangaza impela. Akunakwenzeka ukuqonda ukuthi umshini onjalo ungasebenza kanjani.
Isebenza kanjani imishini yokunyakaza engapheli
Uma siqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukucabanga kwethu, singathola imishini yohlobo lwesithathu. Lapho sibona lolu hlobo lomshini, kususwe ngokuphelele konke ukungqubuzana noma imuphi umshini onomhlabathi noma umoya. Ngokungabi nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxabana, umsebenzi ongapheli ungatholakala. Asikhulumi ngemodeli ekahle lapho ukuqedwa kwamandla kungasuswa kuze kube sezingeni eliphezulu. Yebo, bekwenzekile ukunciphisa ukuncipha kwamandla ngamaphesenti ambalwa aphansi.
Kepha akunakwenzeka ukukhohlwa imithetho ye-thermodynamics ngoba isungulwe kahle kakhulu ngombono nangokusebenza. Lapho kukhulunywa ngemishini yokunyakaza engapheli izimpikiswano nokungathembani kwenziwa ngoba ayikho imodeli engayenza iphumelele ngo-100%.
Sizohlaziya ukuthi yiziphi izizathu ezenza ososayensi bazame ukwazi ukunyakaza okungapheli. Sibuyela emuva onyakeni we-1670, lapho uMbhishobhi waseChester nelungu leRoyal Society bakhulisa khona umqondo ngemuva kwemithombo yamandla engaba khona. Isebenza ngokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali, amandla kazibuthe namandla adonsela phansi. Yilapho-ke esikweleta khona ukungahlaliseki okudalwe ukukhanga komazibuthe nethonya lokuhamba. Ososayensi babe njalo bakhangwe yilesi senzo sikamazibuthe nethonya elinalo ekuhambeni.
Kusuka kulokhu, imodeli yadalwa. Kuyirempu enozibuthe phezulu eheha ibhola lensimbi phezulu. Eduze kukazibuthe kunembobo encane evumela ukuthi ibhola liwe futhi libuyele esisekelweni futhi. Lokhu kuhlolwa akukaze kusebenze ngoba akukho magnet anamandla angavumela ibhola liwele emgodini. Kusukela lapho, abasunguli baphendukele kuzimpawu zamandla adonsela phansi, ukulandelana kwamagnet noma ezinye izinhlobo zamadivayisi ukuze bakwazi ukwenza ukunyakaza okungapheli. Iqiniso eligqamile ukuthi akekho noyedwa wabo ophumelele.
Kungani bengasebenzi
Kumele sazi ukuthi kune-halo yethemba lesithunywa kulabo abafuna ukunyuswa okungapheli. Akunakuphikwa ngokuphelele ukuthi indlela yalolu hlobo ayitholakali, ngoba kunezinto eziningi ezingakaziwa ngomkhathi. Kungenzeka singathola izinhlobo ezintsha zezindaba ezenza ukuthi siguqule imithetho ye-thermodynamics. Yonke le mibono engapheli ikhona esikalini se-quantum.
Ukubhala kabusha imithetho ye-thermodynamics kungaba ushintsho olukhulu lwe-physics namuhla.
Izinhlelo eziqhubekayo zokusungula
Izinhlelo ezihlala njalo zempahla zenziwe njengendlela yokubalwa kwamanani ezinto ezinkampanini. Bazokwazi ukubhalisa ngokushesha ukuthengiswa noma ukuthengwa kwempahla ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zekhompyutha kanye nesoftware yokuphatha. Ngenxa yale mishini kungenzeka ukuthi kuboniswe umbono onemininingwane eminingi ngoshintsho kuhlu lwezimpahla olunemibiko kuphela ngobuningi besitoko samanje.
Ibizwa ngaleli gama ngoba i-inventory ihlala njalo futhi ingenye yezindlela ezithandwayo zokulandelela izinhlu. Futhi lokhu kungenza imiphumela ngokuqhubekayo ibe yimiphumela enengqondo nenembile. Izinkampani zidinga ukulawula izinhlu zezimpahla ngokuqhubekayo futhi kuyabiza kakhulu futhi kungaholela ekuchithekeni okuthile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba nezindlela ezincane kakhulu ubeka engcupheni yokudumaza amakhasimende futhi uthathe imali yokuthengisa evela kulabo oncintisana nabo. Ngalesi sizathu, amasistimu wokugcina impahla aqinisekisa ukuthi izinkampani Bangaba nesitoko esanele ukuze bakwazi ukumboza okufunwayo futhi bakwazi ukwenza ukubalwa okuvamile.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini ukunyakaza okungapheli kanye nezici zayo.