Ukulima okuqondile

Iplanethi yethu ine-33% yawo wonke umhlabathi emhlabeni owonakaliswe ukuguguleka komhlaba. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi okwandayo lapho ezolimo ezinamandla zisebenzisa kakhulu amandla enhlabathi ukwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo. Ikusasa elisilindele ngokwezolimo nekhwalithi yenhlabathi selingcono kunalokhu eliyikho manje. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2050 u-10% wazo zonke izivuno zezolimo ezikhona manje zizolahleka ngenxa yokuguguleka komhlaba. Ebhekene nalesi simo, sinethemba elilodwa: ukulima mpo.

Kuyini ukulima okuqondile futhi kumayelana nani? Sizokutshela konke lokhu kulesi sihloko.

Kuyini ukulima mpo

Namuhla awusekho umhlaba omningi onezitshalo ezivundile wodwa ngaphandle kosizo lwamakhemikhali. IMadrid ingelinye lamafekthri amakhulu ezitshalo kulo lonke elaseSpain. Kuyisikhungo sokulima esiqondile. Futhi ukuthi ezolimo mpo kunjalo indlela engeyona eyejwayelekile kwezolimo evumela ukuthi izitshalo zitshalwe ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezinezitezi eziningi. Uma isakhiwo sikhulu futhi side, kungagcinwa izitshalo eziningi. Lezi zakhiwo zisebenza ngokufana ne-greenhouse. Imayelana nokulungisa okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo ukukhulisa ukukhula kwezitshalo nokukhulisa umkhiqizo.

Izakhiwo ezinikezelwe kwezolimo mpo zivame nokuba ngamabhilidi amakhulu ngobukhulu obukhulu nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje njenge hydroponics ukwazi ukukhulisa izitshalo. Ngaphandle kokucabanga kwakho ngomuntu osebenza ukukhiqiza izitshalo, isudi ezosebenza kulezi zindawo ijazi lebhu. Ngokuvela kukadokotela ohlinzayo, ongoti bezitshalo ezibheke phezulu basebenzela ukunciphisa inani lomhlabathi ohlukunyezwa ezolimo ezinamandla futhi bathuthukise ukuze ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ibe ngcono futhi ibe ngcono.

Ukuze ukwazi ukungena engxenyeni yezitshalo ezibheke phezulu, kufanele kubulawe amagciwane kuqala. Lapho izingubo sezilungisiwe, ungena ezindaweni ezikhulayo. EMadrid kunezindawo zezitshalo ezinamamitha-skwele ayi-1000 ezitshalo, nezitshalo ezingama-20 ukuphakama. Lezi zakhiwo ezinikezelwe kwezolimo zibheke ngqo kutamatisi okhulayo, i-chard, ulethisi, njll. Ukuze kusetshenziswe ilanga ama-led aholelekile ikhwalithi ephezulu ukukhuthaza ukukhula okufanele.

Lolu hlobo lwezolimo lwaziwa futhi ngokuthi ezolimo zasendlini. Ake sibone imininingwane.

Izici eziyinhloko

Phakathi kwezinzuzo esizithola ngokusebenzisa ezolimo mpo esinazo:

• Kudingeka isikhala esincane ukuze sikwazi ukukhiqiza ukudla. Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni landa kakhulu, kunesidingo esikhulu sokudla. Ngakho-ke, inani lomhlabathi ovundile lehlisiwe kwathi okuseleyo kwehliswa. Ngala mapulazi amile mpo, izindawo ezisemadolobheni zisetshenziselwa ukutshala nokulima.
• Ubuchwepheshe be-LED buyashibha, ngakho-ke ukukhiqiza kunciphisa nezindleko zakho. Ngale ndlela, yize izitshalo zingakwazi ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga, zingakhula ngemali ephansi.
• Le makethe ikhula emnothweni ofana nowase-Asia nasePacific.
• Umthengi uyazi kakhulu imvelo. Ngakho-ke, isidingo sokudla esinamakhemikhali ambalwa sikhula ngokwengeziwe. Amapulazi asendlini enza sikwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yendawo futhi sinciphise amabanga ezokuthutha, ngakho-ke, ukungcoliswa komoya.

Iqiniso ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo okuqondile kuyakwazi ukukhulisa umkhiqizo phakathi kuka-40% no-100% uma kuqhathaniswa nokujwayelekile. Ngale ndlela, kusetshenziswa amanzi amancane, kuncishiswa ama-agrochemicals futhi awudingi umsebenzi omningi. Yize kuliqiniso ukuthi abasebenzi kufanele bafaneleke ngokwengeziwe. Noma kunjalo, akuyona inkinga.

Okunye okusele kwezolimo okujwayelekile kungasetshenziswa kwezolimo esimeme noma sokongiwa. Ngale ndlela, ngeke sisuse ukusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi ukuze kugcine kunganakiwe futhi kugawulwa amahlathi. Yilokhu okwenzekayo ngesenzeko esaziwa ngokuthi ukufuduka emaphandleni.

Ukuvunwa okuningi okufana

Njengoba kunikezwe izinzuzo ezitholakala kwezolimo mpo, ukuhlwanyela kungazenzakalela ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwenza kube nokusimama okuqhubekayo njengoba isivuno esitholakele silingana kakhulu. Imfucuza yokudla iyancishiswa futhi kuvunyelwe ukuba nezitshalo eziningana ngonyaka zomkhiqizo ofanayo.

Le ndlela yokulima nayo iyasivumela kunganciki ezimeni zangaphandle njengesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izitshalo eziningi ziyabhidlizwa noma zehliswe isivunguvungu esinamandla. Ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zivikelekile kunoma yiziphi izimo ezingezinhle zemvelo.

Lolu hlobo lwezolimo nalo lunomthelela omuhle emonakalisweni owenziwe ezindaweni zemvelo zemvelo. Isibonelo, ngokungasebenzisi izibulali zinambuzane eziningi, ukubulala ukhula, umanyolo we-nitrogen kanye ne-pesticides, inhlabathi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba angcolile. Lokhu kuthinta ukululama okungcono kwenhlabathi ngemuva kwenkathi yokukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izitshalo ezibheke phezulu zingawusebenzisi umhlabathi, zingasetshenziselwa okunye ukusetshenziswa okufana nomhlaba wehlathi.

Izimo ezinhle ezihlinzekwa ukulima mpo zivumela ukukhula okusheshayo kwesivuno. Lokhu kuzovezwa ngephrofayili ehluke kakhulu yokudla okunempilo futhi kuzokhombisa izici ezithuthukisiwe ze-organoleptic kulabo besitshalo sendabuko.

Ukulima okuqondile kweYurophu

Ithuba lokukwazi ukulawula isimo sezulu sangaphakathi kwezitshalo senza ukuthi kube "nemifino a la carte". Lokhu kungabenza bakhule ngokushesha futhi kuthuthukise iphrofayli yokudla okunempilo. Ukuze le ndlela isabalale kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kubalulekile ukuthi umthengi abe nomqondo omuhle walolu hlobo lwesilimo. Ngakho-ke, kuzokwazi futhi ukutshala imali ekwenzeni ngcono ezolimo eziseduzane nasemadolobheni.

Ubuchwepheshe bamapulazi asendlini eYurophu Ivumela ukuthi kube nokuvuna ezinsukwini ezingama-30-40 kuphela, lapho into ejwayelekile ingaphandle njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-65.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukulima mpo kuyindlela enhle yokunciphisa umthelela wezemvelo enhlabathini emhlabeni jikelele. Sethemba ukuthi ubuchwepheshe babo buyathuthuka futhi baya ngokuya busebenza ngokwengeziwe.