Namuhla siza ukukhuluma ngomunye amandla avuselelekayo ngokujula. Imayelana namandla kagesi. Kepha ngeke sikhulume ngakho uqobo, kodwa mayelana isitshalo samandla wokubacindezela lapho ikhiqizwa futhi yenziwa khona. Isitshalo se-hydroelectric sibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amandla avuselelekayo avela kwizinqolobane zamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inokunye ukusetshenziswa okuningi nezinzuzo zabantu.
Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngakho konke okuhle nokubi kwezitshalo eziphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi futhi sizobona ukuthi zisebenza kanjani. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngayo? Qhubeka ufunde.
Siyini isitshalo sokuphehla ugesi
Lapho siqala isitshalo sokuphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, esikuthemba ukukwazi ukukhiqiza amandla avela emanzini agcinwe emachibini. Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukukhiqiza amandla emishini bese uyiguqula ibe amandla kagesi.
Uhlelo lokuqoqa amanzi lwenziwa ukudala ukungalingani okuvela emandleni angaba namandla anqwabelene. Lawo manzi alahlwa ukuze athole amandla ngomehluko wamandla adonsela phansi. Lapho amanzi edlula kuphephela, enza ukunyakaza okujikelezayo okushayela enye futhi kuguqule amandla kagesi kube amandla kagesi.
Izinzuzo zesitshalo se-hydroelectric
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, lokhu kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kubantu hhayi ezingeni lamandla kuphela. Masihlukanise lezi zinzuzo ukuzihlaziya ngamunye ngamunye:
- Kungamandla angavuseleleka. Ngamanye amagama, ayipheli ngesikhathi njengamandla okubasa. Amanzi ngokwawo awanamkhawulo, kodwa kuyiqiniso ukuthi imvelo ihlale isilethela imvula. Ngale ndlela singalulama futhi siqhubeke nokuyisebenzisa njengomthombo wamandla.
- Njengoba ingokwemvelo ngokuphelele futhi ivuseleleka, ayingcolisi. Kungamandla ahlanzekile.
- Njengoba sike sasho phambilini, akusizuzisi nje kuphela ekutholakaleni kwamandla, kodwa futhi kuhlanganiswa nezinye izinto ezinjengokuvikelwa kwizikhukhula, ukuchelela, ukulethwa kwamanzi, ukwenziwa kwemigwaqo, ezokuvakasha noma ukwakheka komhlaba.
- Ngaphandle kokucabanga kwakho, izindleko zokusebenza nezokugcina ziphansi. Lapho idamu kanye nohlelo lonke lwamanzi selakhiwe, ukulondolozwa akuyona inkimbinkimbi nakancane.
- Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zokuxhashazwa kwamandla, imisebenzi eyenziwa ukusizakala ngalolu hlobo lwamandla inempilo ende ende.
- I-turbine isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla. I-turbine ilula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa, iphephe kakhulu futhi isebenza kahle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi nokuthi zingaqalwa futhi zimiswe ngokushesha.
- Ngokuvamile kudinga ukubhekwa ohlangothini lwabasebenzi, ngoba kuyisimo esilula ukufeza.
Iqiniso nje lokuthi lingamandla avuselelekayo futhi ahlanzekile anezindleko eziphansi selivele lenza amandla okuncintisana ezimakethe. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi kunezinkinga ezithile njengoba sizobona ngezansi, yize izinzuzo ezitholwayo zifaneleke kakhulu.
Okubi kwezitshalo ze-hydroelectric
Ngokumangazayo, lolu hlobo lwamandla akuyona yonke inzuzo. Inezithiyo ezithile uma kukhulunywa ngokukhiqizwa futhi kufanele futhi ibhekwe uma izobekwa ukuze inikeze abantu noma, okungenani, ukufaka isandla ekufinyeleleni isidingo samandla.
Sizohlaziya ukungalungi kwalolu hlobo lwamandla:
- Njengoba bekulindelekile, isitshalo esiphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi kudinga indawo enkulu yomhlaba. Indawo lapho ibekwe khona kumele ibe nezici zemvelo ezivumela amandla ukuthi asetshenziswe ngendlela efanele.
- Izindleko zokwakha zesitshalo esiphehla ugesi ngamanzi zivame ukuba phezuluNjengoba kufanele ulungise umhlaba, wakhe uhlelo lokuhambisa ugesi futhi amandla alahleka kuyo yonke le nqubo engatholakali.
- Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izitshalo noma ezinye izinhlobo zamandla avuselelekayo, ukwakhiwa kwesitshalo kuthatha isikhathi eside.
- Kuya ngamaphethini emvula kanye nokufunwa kwabantu, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla akuhlali njalo.
Okokugcina kwenzeka ngezinhlobo eziningi zamandla avuselelekayo. Ngenye yezinkinga iningi okufanele limbozwe emkhakheni we-renewable. Njengamandla omoya adinga imimoya futhi ilanga Ngemuva kokukhanya kwelanga amahora amaningi, ama-hydraulic adinga imvula eningi ukukhiqiza izimpophoma ezinhle.
Ukwenza lokhu kusilela kube kuncane, kufanele wazi ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani indawo kahle kakhulu. Isibonelo, akufani nokubeka lesi sitshalo endaweni lapho imvula iphansi kakhulu futhi nesimo sezulu ngokuvamile somile kunokubeka endaweni enemvula eningi. Ngokwenza lokhu, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kuzobiza kakhulu futhi kube kuningi.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo zamandla wokubacindezela
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo eziphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi kuye ngokuthi zisebenza kanjani.
Isitshalo se-Run-of-the-river hydraulic
Luhlobo lwesitshalo olunganqwabeli inani elikhulu lamanzi kuma-turbine, kepha kunalokho thatha ithuba lokugeleza okutholakalayo emfuleni kukhona ngaleso sikhathi. Njengoba kudlula izinkathi zonyaka, ukugeleza komfula nakho kuyashintsha, okwenza kungabi namanzi amaningi ngokweqile ngokuchitha idamu.
Isitshalo se-Hydroelectric esinendawo yokugcina amanzi
Ngokungafani neyangaphambilini, lena inedamu lapho kugcinwa khona amanzi agcinwayo. Idamu livumela inani lamanzi elifinyelela ku-turbine ukuthi lilawulwe ngendlela esebenza kahle. Inzuzo ayinikezayo uma iqhathaniswa neyangaphambilini ukuthi, ngokuhlala unamachibi amanzi njengesiqiwi, ingakhiqiza amandla kagesi unyaka wonke.
Isiteshi sokumpompa amanzi
Kulokhu sinamadamu amabili atholakala emazingeni ehlukene. Ngokuya ngesidingo samandla kagesi, bakhulisa umkhiqizo wabo noma cha. Benza lokhu njengokushintshana okuvamile. Lapho amanzi agcinwe echibini eliphezulu ewa, vula i-turbine futhi, lapho kudingeka, amanzi ampontshwa kusuka echibini elingezansi ukuze, futhi, akwazi ukuqala kabusha umjikelezo wokuhamba.
Lolu hlobo lwenkabeni ine inzuzo yokuthi ingalawulwa ngokuya ngesidingo sikagesi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezitshalo eziphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi.