Yize izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi zisabusa iplanethi yethu namuhla, izinto ezivuselelekayo sezingena ezimakethe zawo wonke amazwe emhlabeni. Amandla avuselelekayo yilawo angangcolisi imvelo, angapheli futhi akwazi ukusebenzisa amandla ezinto zomhlaba nendawo ezungezile, njengelanga, umoya, amanzi, njll. Ukwenza ugesi. Njengoba uphethiloli usuzophela, izinto ezivuselelekayo ziyikusasa.
Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokujulile mayelana photovoltaic amandla elanga. La mandla, mhlawumbe, angamandla asetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni emkhakheni wokuvuselelwa. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokusetshenziswa okuhlukile enakho?
Incazelo
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuchaza ukusetshenziswa nezakhiwo zayo, ake sicacise ukuthi yimaphi amandla elanga we-photovoltaic kulabo abangakazi kahle. Amandla elanga yilokho okuyikho ikwazi ukusebenzisa amandla elanga kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezikhanyayo ukukhiqiza amandla okugcina kuguqulwe kwaba ugesi. Lo mthombo wamandla uhlanzekile ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke awungcolisi imvelo noma ukhiphele amagesi ayingozi emkhathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inenzuzo enkulu yokuvuselelwa, okungukuthi, ilanga ngeke likhathale (noma okungenani iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa).
Ukuqoqa amandla elanga, kusetshenziswa ama-solar panel akwazi ukuthwebula ama-photon wokukhanya avela emisebeni yelanga bese ewaguqula abe amandla.
Wenziwa kanjani amandla elanga we-photovoltaic?
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukukhiqiza amandla we-photovoltaic, kuyadingeka ukuthwebula ama-photons wokukhanya anemisebe yelanga bese uwaguqula abe ugesi ukuze uwasebenzise. Lokhu kungatholakala nge inqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-photovoltaic ngokusebenzisa iphaneli elanga.
Iphaneli yelanga inesici esibalulekile iseli le-photovoltaic. Lokhu okokusebenza kwe-semiconductor (okwenziwe nge-silicon, ngokwesibonelo) okungadingi zingxenye ezihambayo, akukho mafutha, noma okwenza umsindo. Lapho leli seli le-photovoltaic lidalulwa ngokuqhubekayo ekukhanyeni, limunca amandla aqukethwe kuma-photon wokukhanya futhi lisize ukukhiqiza amandla, liqala ama-electron abhajwe yinkambu yangaphakathi kagesi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ama-electron aqoqwe ebusweni beseli le-photovoltaic akhiqiza amandla kagesi aqhubekayo.
Njengoba amandla okukhipha amaseli we-photovoltaic ephansi kakhulu (yi-0,6V kuphela), abekwa ochungechungeni lukagesi abese efakwa kupuleti lengilazi ngaphambili nenye into emelana nomswakama ngaphambili. Ngemuva (kusukela iningi kakhulu yesikhathi izotholakala emthunzini).
Ukuhlanganiswa kochungechunge lwamaseli we-photovoltaic futhi kufakwe izinto ezishiwo yakha imodyuli ye-photovoltaic. Kuleli zinga usuvele ungathenga umkhiqizo ukuze ushintshe ube yiphaneli elanga. Ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe kanye nohlobo lokusetshenziswa okwenziwe ngalo, le mojuli inendawo engaphezulu kuka-0.1 m² (10 W) kuye ku-1 m² (100 W), amanani akhombisayo aphakathi nendawo, kanye nokwehla kwamandla we-12 V, 24 V noma 48 V kuya ngohlelo.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngenqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-photovoltaic, amandla atholakala kumanani aphansi kakhulu futhi kumanje ngqo. La mandla ngeke asetshenziselwe ikhaya, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, a inverter yamandla ukuyiguqula ibe ukushintsha kwamanje.
Izinto nokusebenza
Amadivayisi lapho kutholakala khona amaseli we-photovoltaic abizwa ngamaphaneli elanga. Lawa mapaneli asetshenziswa kaningi. Zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla zombili ezindaweni zomuntu siqu, zomndeni nezamabhizinisi. Intengo yayo emakethe icishe ibe ngama-euro ayizi-7.000. Inzuzo enkulu yalezi zinhlaka zelanga ukuthi ukufakwa kwazo kulula kakhulu futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa okuncane. Banempilo engaba yiminyaka eyi-25-30, ngakho-ke utshalomali lutholakale ngokuphelele.
Lawa mapaneli elanga kufanele afakwe endaweni efanele. Lokho wukuthi, kulezo zindawo eziqondiswe enanini elikhulu lamahora okukhanya kwelanga ngosuku. Ngale ndlela singakwazi ukusebenzisa kahle amandla elanga futhi sikhiqize ugesi omningi.
Iphaneli yelanga idinga ibhethri okugcina amandla akhiqizwayo ukuwasebenzisa kulawo mahora lapho kungekho khona ukukhanya kwelanga (njengasebusuku noma ngezinsuku ezinamafu noma ezinemvula).
Mayelana nokusebenza kokufakwa kwelanga nge-photovoltaic, kungashiwo ukuthi kuncike ngokuphelele ekuqondisweni kwamapaneli elanga, ukubekwa nendawo yendawo lapho efakwe khona. Uma amahora amaningi elanga esendaweni, amandla amaningi angakhiwa. Ukufakwa okuningi kwelanga kuyabuyisa utshalomali lwabo cishe eminyakeni eyi-8. Uma isikhathi sokusebenziseka kwamapaneli elanga siyiminyaka engama-25, siyazikhokhela bese uthola inzuzo engaphezu kwenele.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla we-photovoltaic solar
Izinhlelo ze-Photovoltaic zixhunywe kugridi
Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zamandla elanga we-photovoltaic ukufakwa kwenzwa ye-photovoltaic kanye ne-inverter yamanje ekwazi ukuguqula amandla aqhubekayo akhiqizwe kumapaneli elanga ayishintshe njengamanje ukuyifaka kugridi kagesi.
Izindleko nge-kWh ngayinye yamandla elanga kuyabiza kakhulu kunezinye izinhlelo zesizukulwane. Yize lokhu kushintshe kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kwezinye izindawo lapho inani lamahora okukhanya kwelanga liphakeme, izindleko zamandla elanga we-photovoltaic ziphansi kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ube nezintambo zosizo lwezezimali nezomthetho ukuvala izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ekupheleni kosuku, sisiza iplanethi yethu ukuthi ingangcoliswa futhi igweme ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokungcola.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwamandla we-photovoltaic solar
- Ukukhanyisa. Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwamandla we-photovoltaic elanga kukhanyisa ekungeneni okuningi kwedolobhana, izindawo zokuphumula nasezimpambanweni zomgwaqo. Lokhu kwehlisa izindleko zokukhanyisa.
- Isayina. Lolu hlobo lwamandla lusetshenziswa ngemvamisa ekhulayo yokusayina emizileni yezimoto.
- Ukuxhumana. La mandla asetshenziswa ezikhathini eziningi emkhakheni wabaphindaphindeli bamandla eselula, umsakazo nethelevishini.
- Ugesi wasemaphandleni. Ngosizo lohlelo olusendaweni eyodwa, amadolobha ahlakazeke kakhulu nemizana emincane ingajabulela ugesi ovuselelekayo.
- Amapulazi nemfuyo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kulezi zindawo, kusetshenziswa amandla elanga we-photovoltaic. Ukubakhanyisa, shayela amaphampu amanzi nokunisela, ukusenga, njll.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, amandla elanga we-photovoltaic asetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi ezenza ukuthi ziqhubeke nokuncintisana ezimakethe futhi kubhekwa njengekusasa lamandla.