Kuyinto abantu abaningi abaye bazibuza ngayo emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Kodwa-ke, umbuzo awakhiwe kahle, ngoba ugesi uvela emvelweni, ngakho awuzange usungulwe yinoma ngubani. Okuthathwe kwathathwa kwafakwa kwelinye izinga ukuze kusetshenziswe njengokukhanyisa ebusuku obumnyama. Ngenhlonipho ku ngubani owathola ugesi, kunemibono eminingi kabi eyasatshalaliswa ngamanethiwekhi nangomlomo.
Kule ndatshana sizocacisa konke ukungabaza siphikise ezinye izinkolelo eziyiphutha ezikhona emphakathini wanamuhla. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ngubani owathola ngempela ugesi? Qhubeka ufunde ngoba sikutshela yonke imininingwane.
Umlando kagesi
Abanye bacabanga ukuthi owathola ugesi nguBenjamin Franklin. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akunjalo impela. Iqiniso lihlukile. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi le Franklin yayiqhuba ucwaningo lokuthola ugesi, kepha yasiza kuphela ukuxhuma ugesi wabantu ngombani owenziwe emvelweni. Lokhu kuxhumana kusize kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kukagesi, kepha akuyena owutholile.
Umlando kagesi uyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlulele, ngoba kuwumsebenzi omkhulu ukuqonda okuthile okungakubulala ngokushesha nje lapho uhlangana nawo nokuthi endalweni kuye kwesatshwe izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Umlando ubuyela emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili ubudala.
Kakade amaGreki asendulo ngo-600 BC athola ukuthi uma bahlikihla isikhumba sesilwane ngenhlaka yezihlahla kubange uhlobo lokuheha phakathi kwabo. Lokhu yilokho okwaziwa njengamandla kagesi. Ngakho-ke, vele kusukela ngalesi sikhathi uhlobo lukagesi lwalusaziwa. Mhlawumbe akuwona ugesi osebenzela ukunikeza ukukhanya emadolobheni, kepha kuyiqiniso ukuthi ucwaningo kanye nelukuluku kwaqala ukuthuthuka lapho.
Abanye abacwaningi nabavubukuli bathole imikhumbi embozwe ngethusi ebingasebenza njengamabhethri okukhanyisa izindawo zasendulo zaseRoma. Ngakho-ke konke lokhu kubuyela emuva kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Kakade ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa kulapho ukutholakala okuningi kwenziwa ngogesi njengoba siwazi namuhla. Into yokuqala eyasungulwa kwakungu-generator kagesi, ngoba lolu hlobo lwamandla lwalwaziwa kakhulu.
Abacwaningi abaningana ababalulekile
Ngenxa yolwazi mayelana nokusebenza kukagesi ongaguquguquki, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa ezinye izinto ezifana nalezi esizaziyo namhlanje: ama-insulators nabaqhubi. Lokhu bekuyinto ehlukile futhi ephawulekayo ngesikhathi abebekuso. Ngenxa yalokhu kuthuthukiswa, sikwazi ukwazi ukuthi singaphenya kanjani kangcono ugesi ezintweni ezihamba phambili futhi kamuva sakhe izakhiwo ezithile eziphephile ngezinto zokwambesa.
Ngo-1600, igama elithi 'ugesi"ngu Udokotela waseNgilandi uWilliam Gilbert futhi lalibhekisa emandleni okwenziwa ezinye izinto lapho zixubana.
Ngemva kwalokho, usosayensi oyiNgisi ogama lakhe linguThomas Browne Ubhale izincwadi eziningi lapho ebechaza khona lonke ucwaningo alwenzayo ngokususelwa kugesi njengokukhulunywa ngoGilbert.
Yilapho sifika engxenyeni eyaziwa kakhulu emphakathini wonkana. Imayelana noBenjamin Franklin. Ngo-1752 lo sosayensi wayezama ikhayithi, ukhiye nokuba khona kwesiphepho. Ngalesi silingo sesayensi wonke umuntu acabanga ukuthi ukutholakala kukagesi, bekungeyona into ngaphandle kokubonisa ukuthi umbani kanye nezinhlansi ezincane eziqhume kite ziyefana.
Kwaze kwaba kamuva lapho Alessandro volta ithole ukuhlangana okuthile kwamakhemikhali okungenza ukuthi kukhiqizwe ugesi. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlolwa kanye namakhemikhali kungenzeka ukuthi kwakhiwe iseli le-voltaic ngo-1800. Leli seli liyakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi ahlala njalo. Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi uVolta wayengumcwaningi wokuqala okwazi ukudala ukuhamba njalo kwamandla kagesi namandla. Ubuye wasebenzisa ulwazi olutholwe kwabanye abacwaningi mayelana nezixhumi ezikhokhiswayo ezinhle nezimbi. Ngakho-ke wadala i-voltage kuwo.
Ugesi wanamuhla
Kumanje sisondela ekutholakaleni kukagesi njengoba siwazi namuhla. Ngo-1831 ugesi waba wusizo kwezobuchwepheshe ngenxa yokutholakala kwe UMichael Faraday. Lo sosayensi ukwazile ukusungula i-dynamo kagesi. Idonsa amandla futhi yasiza ukuxazulula ezinye izinkinga ngokukhiqiza ugesi ngokuqhubekayo.
Ngokutholwa kukaFaraday, UThomas Edison wayenobumba ngoqwembe lokwenziwa kwebhalbhu yokuqala yelambu le-incandescent ngo-1878. Kulapha lapho ibhalbhu yesibani njengoba siyazi namuhla yazalwa. Ama-bulb asevele asungulwe abanye, kepha i-incandescent bekungeyokuqala ebinokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo nokusetshenziswayo kokukhanyisa amahora amaningi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, usosayensi uJoseph Swan naye wasungula enye Isibani se-incandescent futhi, ngokubambisana, bakha inkampani lapho bakhiqiza khona isibani sokuqala se-incandescent. Lezi zibani zisebenzise i-current eqondile ukunikeza ukukhanya kumalambu okuqala kagesi emigwaqweni yaseNew York ngoSepthemba 1882.
Ubani Ngempela Othola Ugesi?
Kakade ekuqaleni kuka 1900 kwaba nini unjiniyela uNikola Tesla wakuthathela kuye ukuguqula amandla abe yinto yokuthengisa ngokuphelele. Usebenze no-Edison futhi kamuva wathuthukisa amaphrojekthi we-electromagnetism ngokuphelele. Uyaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe omuhle ngokushintshana kwamanje okwaholela ekwakhiweni kohlelo lokusabalalisa i-polyphase njengalezo ezaziwa namuhla.
Kamuva, uGeorge Westinghouse wathenga imoto kaTesla enelungelo lobunikazi ukuze akwazi ukuyithuthukisa ayithengise, kwakha ukushintshana kwamanje ngezinga elikhulu. Lezi zinto ezisunguliwe zikhombise isintu ukuthi ugesi wezentengiselwano kufanele ususelwe kumanje oshintshashintshayo hhayi ngqo.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, uma kukhulunywa ngokuthi ngubani owathola ugesi, akunakushiwo noma kuqanjwe igama lokuthi kwakungumuntu oyedwa. Njengoba bekwazile ukuthola, kungumsebenzi wezinkulungwane zeminyaka kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwabaphenyi abaningi abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene nasezindaweni zolwazi. Ugesi yinto eyithuthukise kakhulu impilo yomuntu futhi kumele sibonge kubo bonke laba bantu ngokwenza kube lula lokhu.