Njengoba sazi, ukungcoliswa komoya kuyinkinga yezemvelo emhlabeni wonke. Amazwe athuthukile yiwo akhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa kakhulu emkhathini ngonyaka. Inani lala magesi lidala ukugcinwa okukhulu kokushisa emkhathini futhi, ngakho-ke, kukhuphuka emazingeni okushisa aphakathi komhlaba. Njengoba igesi ebamba ukushisa enkulu kakhulu ekhishelwe emkhathini yi-carbon dioxide, ithuluzi lezomnotho elaziwa njenge amakhredithi ekhabhoni.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izikweletu zekhabhoni nokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani.
Yini amakhredithi ekhabhoni
Luhlobo lwensimbi yezomnotho obekucatshangwa ngayo ekwamukelweni kwesivumelwano seKyoto futhi okusiza ukulawula ukukhishwa kwesikhutha ngamazwe angaphansi kwaleyo protocol. Kungashiwo ukuthi bangamalungelo ezwe ukukhipha lo gesi obamba ukushisa. Ikhredithi ngayinye yekhabhoni ilingana netani elilodwa lesikhutha elingasakhishwa emkhathini ngenxa yokwehliswa kwala magesi ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa noma ngenxa yokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obusha.
Futhi yilokho ubuchwepheshe buqhubekela phambili ngendlela yokuthi bukhulise ukukhiqizwa ngokukhipha amagesi angcolisa kancane kancane emkhathini. Kodwa-ke, akunakugwenywa ukufinyelela ezingeni lokukhishwa ngaphandle kokutholakala kwamandla avuselelekayo. Noma kunini lapho zisetshenziswa izinto zokubasa kuzoba khona ukukhishwa kwegesi yokushisa.
Isebenza Kanjani Amakhredithi E-Carbon
Lezi zindlela ezisungulwe kuphrothokholi yaseKyoto zinenqubo lapho zisetshenziswa. Sizohlaziya ukuthi yiziphi lezi zindlela:
- I-ERU, Iyunithi Yokunciphisa Ukukhishwa (JI) noma i-URE: kubhekiswa kuyunithi yokwehlisa ukukhishwa kwala magesi emkhathini. Iyunithi ngayinye ilingana netani elilodwa lesikhutha eliyeke ukukhishwa emkhathini ngenxa yokwethulwa kwephrojekthi yokufaka isicelo ngokuhlanganyela phakathi kwamazwe. Lolu hlobo lwephrojekthi lungasungulwa phakathi kwezwe elilodwa noma amaningi ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zokunciphisa ukungcola kwemvelo.
- I-CER, Ukuncishiswa Kokukhishwa Okuqinisekisiwe (CDM) noma i-RCE: Lokhu ngukuncishiswa okuqinisekisiwe kokukhishwa futhi kumelela ithani elilodwa lesikhutha eliyekile ukukhishwa nelakhiwe futhi laqinisekiswa ngokubonga ngokusetshenziswa kohlelo olubandakanya inqubo yokuthuthuka ehlanzekile. Kulapha lapho kusetshenziswa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ukunciphisa ukungcola ngenxa yokufakwa kobuchwepheshe obusha.
- I-RMU, iYunithi Yokususa (Ihlathi kanye Namahlathi) noma i-UDA: ucabangela iyunithi lokumunca i-carbon dioxide ngamazinga. Indlela i-ecosystem engena ngayo i-carbon dioxide nge-photosynthesis. Ukwandisa isilinganiso se-photosynthesis sendawo, kwenziwa izinqubo zokubuyiselwa kwehlathi noma kwehlathi. Enye indlela yokwehlisa inani lesikhutha esikhishwa emkhathini ukunciphisa ukuncipha kwamahlathi. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, uma izitshalo zimbalwa, inani elincane le-photosynthesis lizoba khona. Indlela engaqondile yokunciphisa inani lamagesi abamba ukushisa esiwakhiphayo ukukhuthaza inani lezitshalo ezingakwazi ukumunca le carbon dioxide.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokunciphisa ukungcola
Okwenziwa yila makhredithi ekhabhoni ngendlela eyisisekelo ukusungula izisekelo ezilula zokukwazi ukubala inani lamagesi akhishwa emoyeni nokuthi angakucisha kanjani ukukhishwa kwawo. Lezi zikweletu zekhabhoni zifakiwe ezinhlelweni zamazwe omhlaba zokwenza ngcono umzamo wokunciphisa ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nayo yonke imiphumela emibi enayo kuzo zombili izinto eziphilayo zemvelo nakubantu.
Futhi ngukuthi sicwile kwenye yezinkinga zemvelo emhlabeni wonke ezingadala izinkinga ezingaphezulu kubantu. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyinto engaguqula impilo yomuntu njengoba sazi. Uma izinga lokushisa lomhlaba jikelele likhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-2 degrees Celsius, yonke imvelo izolungiswa cishe okungenakulungiswa. Kwakukhona namuhla, lokhu kwanda kwamazinga okushisa sekuvele kwenzekile. Ngalesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusungula izinqubomgomo zemvelo zokunciphisa ukungcola ngokwethula amandla avuselelekayo kanye nezinqubo zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngaphakathi kwamakhredithi ekhabhoni afaka ngokungaqondile imihlahlandlela okufanele icatshangwe maqondana nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Zombili izimboni kanye namadolobha amakhulu anokusebenzisa kahle amandla azokwazi ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kokukhishwa kwawo. Ngezikweletu zekhabhoni kwenziwa umzamo wokulinganisa inani lokukhishwa okuphelele lokho zingakhishwa yinkampani noma ibhizinisi ngezinga lendawo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isamba sazo zonke izinkampani namabhizinisi ezweni kufanele sehlise lokhu kukhishwa ukuze zithole imiphumela yomhlaba. Lapha sethula nomqondo wokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke.
Amazinga aphezulu okuphuma
Okufanele kugwenywe ngazo zonke izindlela ukuthi kunensalela enanini lamagesi esikhipha ngaphezu kwalokho esikwazi ukukuncela. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezinjenge ukuvuselelwa kwehlathi nokwakhiwa kwamahlathi ukwandisa leli zinga lokumunca. Enye indlela yokwehlisa lokhu kungcola ukwethulwa kwamandla kagesi ezakhiweni. Yile ndlela esifeza ngayo ukuthi ngobuchwepheshe obukhulu sinciphisa ukungcola kepha asiyeki ukujabulela ubuchwepheshe nokunethezeka.
Kukhona inani lemali elinikezwe le nsada engcolisayo futhi kungathengiswa. Ngokuyisisekelo, bangena kumaphrojekthi afuna ukunxephezela ukungcola. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhutha esikhiqizwa emkhathini siyavuselelwa. Ngokuyinhloko lawa maphrojekthi anenhloso enkulu ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ezindaweni ezihlwempu noma emazweni asathuthuka.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ngisho nokungcola kanye nomphumela wokushisa okushisayo kungaba yindlela yokusungula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba. Kodwa-ke, inhloso enkulu ukugwema imiphumela emibi yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngamakhredithi ekhabhoni.