Uwoyela uyingxenye yezimpilo zethu. Kokubili ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nophethiloli wazo zonke izinhlobo zezimoto, amadivayisi, njll. Nokwakhiwa kwamapulasitiki. Kuyinhlanganisela ekhona ezintweni eziningi ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke kunalokho esikucabangayo. Kodwa-ke, siyazi yini uwoyela? Kule ndatshana sizotshela yonke into ngoyela kusuka kulokho eyikhona nokuthi yakhiwa kanjani nokuthi iwasebenzisani emphakathini wethu.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngayo? Qhubeka ufunde ngoba sikutshela konke 🙂
Iyini futhi yakhiwa kanjani uwoyela?
Ungoyela wamaminerali onombala omnyama noma omnyama kakhulu. Inobuningi obuphansi kunobo bamanzi, ngakho-ke, lapho kwenzeka inhlekelele efana nePrestige, uwoyela uhlala untanta emanzini. Inephunga lesici okungaphezu kokukodwa okuzokhanga kulo. Yenziwe ngengxube yama-hydrocarbon anomoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen nesibabule ngamanani ahlukile. Le nhlanganisela itholakala kuphela emadwaleni enhlabathi kusukela ukwakheka kwayo kuhlala lapho.
Kwakhiwa ngezinto ezibonakalayo ezenziwe ngazo izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo ezisatshalaliswa phakathi kwezidalwa zasemanzini, zasemhlabeni nezitshalo. Zonke lezi zilwane nezitshalo ezafa zazishiya ukwakheka kwazo futhi kwehlisa isithunzi okudala lokho esikwaziyo namuhla njengoyela. Izinsalela zezidalwa eziphilayo zihlaselwe isenzo samabhaktheriya i-anaerobic aqede wonke umoya-mpilo ashiya kuphela ama-molecule ekhabhoni ne-hydrogen akhona. Lesi yisizathu sokuthi iqukethe ama-hydrocarbon kuphela.
Ingcindezi etholakala ngenhlabathi etholakala ngaphezu kwezingqimba ezingezansi zoMhlaba ukuxoshwa kwakho konke uketshezi olukhona ezingqimbeni lapho kutholakala khona amadwala ase-sedimentary. Lolu ketshezi yilokho esikwazi njengamafutha. Ngemuva kwesenzo kanye nengcindezi yamadwala asezintabeni, iyakwazi ukuhamba amashumi amakhilomitha emithambekeni lapho ithola khona itshe le-pore elizongena ngalo emigodini. Leli dwala lapho kufakwa khona oketshezi futhi ligcinwe libizwa nge-storage rock.
Kukuleli dwala lokugcina lapho kukhishwa khona wonke okuthiwa uwoyela ongahluziwe.
Uwoyela ongahluziwe
Le nhlanganisela esiyibiza ngo-oyela ongahluziwe ingxube yama-hydrocarbon nezinye izinhlobo ezinama-athomu angama-carbon angama-40. I-hydrocarbon elula kunazo zonke eyenziwe ngayo i-methane, yakhiwe yikhabhoni eyodwa nama-athomu amane e-hydrogen. Lokhu kungcolile njengoba kukhishwa edwaleni lokugcina impahla Ayinazimboni noma uphethiloli. Kuyadingeka ukukubeka ngenqubo yokucwenga. Isici esikhomba kunazo zonke uwoyela ongahluziwe amandla aso aphezulu.
Ukucwenga kungukusebenza okuqukethe i-distillation ye-fractional yazo zonke izinto. Ngenxa yale nqubo, imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ingatholakala, kuya ngezinga lokushisa okwenziwe ngalo. Isibonelo, eminye imikhiqizo etholakale emazingeni okushisa ahlukene yi-ethane, methane, butane, propane, enegesi; imikhiqizo ewuketshezi efana nophethiloli, uwoyela kaphethiloli kanye nophalafini; nezinto eziqinile ezifana netiyela nophalafini.
Yonke imikhiqizo kufanele ifakwe emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene ekukhiqizeni kwayo. Ngakho-ke, U-oyela unokusetshenziswa okumbalwa, hhayi kuphela embonini yamandla, kepha nasembonini yamakhemikhali.
Ukuze kungenzi umthelela kwezemvelo emadolobheni noma ezindaweni zemvelo, izindawo zokukhipha kanye nezindawo zikawoyela zitholakala kude nezindawo ezisetshenziswa kuzo. Uwoyela ongahluziwe uyathuthwa ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamapayipi atholakala emthonjeni lapho ekhishwa khona kusihlungi esiseduze. Kunezikhathi lapho okungcolile kufanele kuthuthwe ngolwandle. Kulezi zikhathi, kusetshenziswa amathangi noma amathangi kawoyela.
Ukuhanjiswa kwalezi zinto olwandle kungadala izinhlekelele ezithile ngenxa yezingozi. Ake ucabange ukuthi umkhumbi othwele into engahluziwe ushayisa idwala futhi wonke uwoyela uyadedelwa. Umthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo olwandle ubaluleke kakhulu. Kungathinta kokubili ikhwalithi yamanzi nezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuleyo ndawo.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko
Njengoba uwoyela unemikhiqizo eminingi kuye ngezinga lokushisa okwenziwa ngalo ukucwengwa, kukhona nokusetshenziswa okuningi okungaba nakho. Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kukaphethiloli wasekhaya noma wezimboni. Ngubani ongakaze abe nebhodlela le-butane ekhaya noma osebenzise uhlobo oluthile lwesitofu sikapharafini.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa kunje uphethiloli kanye ne-lubricant. Iningi kakhulu le- izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi kuzo zonke izimoto emhlabeni zenziwe ngoyili. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwemoto nenjini, enye icwengekile noma enye yenziwa ukukhonza ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
Amafutha asetshenziswa futhi njenge izinto eziyisisekelo eziluhlaza embonini ye-petrochemical. Kuyisisekelo sayo yonke imikhiqizo yepulasitiki emhlabeni. Izikhwama zepulasitiki zenziwe ngophethiloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yiluphi uhlobo lweplastiki luvela ku-oyela.
Ukuze kwaneliswe izidingo zemakethe, kusetshenziswe amasu athile asiza ukuguqula ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo eminingi etholwe ngesikhathi sokucwenga ukuze kutholakale ezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezifunwa kakhulu ngumphakathi. Ukuguqula le mikhiqizo sithola amasu afana nalawa ukuqhekeka kanye polymerization.
Ngokuqhekeka, i-molecule esindayo enama-athomu amaningi ekhabhoni iphukile futhi kwakheka ama-molecule alula. Isibonelo, kumafutha kaphethiloli kungatholakala ezinye izinhlobo zamagesi nophethiloli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokusebenzisa i-polymerization, ama-molecule amaningi atholakala kunhlanganisela elula ebizwa nge-monomer angahlanganiswa enze ama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi futhi amakhulu abizwa ngama-polymers. Sinesibonelo se-ethylene yokwakha i-polyethylene. I-Polyethylene yinto yama-tetrabricks.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi wazi kabanzi ngamafutha nakho konke ukusetshenziswa kwawo embonini.