Ingwane eneentlobo ezimalunga nama-300, ineengalo ezisibhozo ezineekomityi zokufunxa kwaye ihamba ulwandle isuka kwimimandla eselunxwemeni isiya kumanzi abandayo olwandle olunzulu. Zithathwa njengeqela lezilwanyana ezingenamqolo ezinobukrelekrele obukhulu kunye nekhono lokufunda ngenxa yokuba zinenkqubo ye-nervous enzima kakhulu kwaye, kwakhona, ziyingxenye yeklasi kuphela ye-molluscs enenkqubo yokujikeleza evaliweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ababaninzi abantu abaziyo zingaphi iintliziyo ezenza ingwane.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba zingaphi iintliziyo ze-octopus, iimpawu zayo kunye nezinye zezinto ezinomdla kakhulu.
Iimpawu kunye nendawo yokuhlala
Umzimba we-octopus nganye wahlulwe ngokwemimandla emithathu eyahlukileyo:
- Intloko: Phakathi kwazo kwakukho amehlo e-octopus, equlethe ubuchopho bayo (inkqubo ye-nervous) kunye nentliziyo (ezintathu kuzo: ezimbini ezithwala igazi kwi-gill kunye nokuphefumla, kunye nenye etyhala igazi eline-oksijini kuwo wonke umzimba).
- Mantle: Badibanisa iziphelo kwindawo edibeneyo yentloko, apho zonke ezinye izitho zangaphakathi zesilwanyana zikhoyo, apho umlomo weempondo uphuma khona ukuze udle, i-siphons isetyenziselwa ukukhupha amanzi ukuze iqhube kunye nomchamo. iidiphozithi.
- Izigulo: Iintente ezisibhozo ze-octopus zinamandla kwaye zinezihlunu, zineekomityi zokufunxa kunye nezigidi zeemvakalelo eziphela ngaphakathi. Intente nganye ifakwe kwi-mantle kunye nentloko kuba ine-neural connections ngqo kwi-cerebrum ephuhliswe kakhulu, esekelwe kwingqondo eyintloko, evumela ukuba ilawule amalungu ayo ngabanye.
IiOctopus zifumaneka phantse kulo lonke ulwandle, ngakumbi kwiingqaqa zekorale nakwezinye iindawo ezibonelela ngeendawo ezizifihlayo ezifanelekileyo kunye nokutya okuninzi kwezilwanyana ezincinci.
Bahlala kumanzi afudumeleyo napholileyo, kubunzulu obahlukeneyo kwaye baziqhelanise nezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zokulwa kwangaphambili, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo zitshintsha ngokukhawuleza emva kweeveki ezimbini okanye ezintathu.
Ukuzalanisa i-octopus ekuthinjweni kunzima kwaye kaninzi kunciphisa ixesha lokuphila kwezilwanyana, ngelixa i-octopus, kwelinye icala, ilungile kakhulu ekubalekeni kwiimeko ezingenakwenzeka. Esi sizathu sokuba ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zidla ngokufanelekela ukuzala, njengeskwidi.
Iingwane ngokwesiseko omnivores: bangatya nantoni na ukusuka kwintlanzi encinci, ezinye molluscs kunye crustaceans ezincinci ukuya algae. Ukuze zenze oku, zidla ngokusongela ixhoba lazo ngeentente zazo, zize emva koko ziziphathele kumlomo oneempondo, zize ziyikrazule. Iingwane zizilwanyana ezizingelayo.
Zingaphi iingqondo ezinazo ingwane?
Kwi-octopus, uninzi lwamalungu akhoyo kwindawo yentloko. Banobuchopho obuphakathi, obubekwe kwindawo yangaphambili, apho i-esophagus ihamba khona, kwaye kwi-posterior inxalenye ebizwa ngokuba yi-visceral mass eyenziwe ngumbhobho wokugaya, izintso kunye ne-gonads.
Inkqubo ye-nervous ye-octopus iphuhliswe kakhulu kwaye inzima kakhulu. Intloko yayo ineseti ye-ganglia ebizwa ngokuba yi-cerebrum kunye ne-pleura edibanisa ukwenza ubuchopho obuphakathi, iziko lemithambo-luvo entsonkothileyo engqongwe yi-cartilaginous capsule efana nokakayi. Ingalo engapheliyo inolungelelwaniso lwemoto kwaye iqulethe malunga ne-330 yezigidi ze-neurons.
Ingqondo inenani elikhulu le-lobes, ezinye zazo zezi:
- iindawo ze-optic: Yamkela kwaye uqhube ulwazi kwiliso.
- Igqabi lePedicel: ifana ne-vertebrate cerebellum, ifumana izibonakaliso ezibonakalayo kunye nokulinganisela kwaye ibonakala ichaphazela ukusebenza kweemoto.
- NONE Ngokufana nehippocampus yee-vertebrates, ezibandakanyekayo kwisakhono sokufunda kunye nenkumbulo.
Amehlo entloko yakhe aphuhliswe kakuhle, ane-cornea (evaliweyo), iris enabafundi abanokuthi banwebe kwaye banciphe, i-lens, kunye ne-retina, ekubeni umbono udlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezi zilwanyana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inxalenye yeengxowa ze-cartilage, zibonisa i-balance sac esebenza njenge-balance organ, inika ulwazi malunga nesikhundla somzimba ngokumalunga nomxhuzulane, ezi zakhiwo zikuvumela ukuba uve.
Ubuchopho be-Octopus bukhulu kunobo beentlanzi kunye nezirhubuluzi, kodwa zincinci kuneentaka kunye nezilwanyana ezincancisayo.
Zingaphi iintliziyo zengwane?
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye ii-mollusk, ii-cephalopods ezinjengeengwane zinenkqubo yokujikeleza evaliweyo ebandakanya uthungelwano oluxineneyo lwee-capillaries. Baneentliziyo ezi-3 zizonke: Intliziyo yenkqubo equka i-atria ezimbini kunye ne-ventricle enye, ekhupha igazi eline-oksijini kwi-gill kwaye ilijikeleze kuwo wonke umzimba; kunye ne-appendages ezimbini, ezibizwa ngokuba yintliziyo ye-branchial, umsebenzi wayo wokujikeleza kunye noxinzelelo olwandisa igazi elingena kwiigill. Igazi lijikeleza nge-aorta ukuya kwi-vena cava, apho iphonswa yintliziyo encedisayo ukuya kwiimbilini kwaye emva koko ukuya entliziyweni kuwo wonke umzimba.
Ngokungafaniyo nama-vertebrates, igazi le-octopus kunye nezinye i-cephalopods ziqulethe i-hemocyanin: i-pigment yokuphefumula elingana ne-hemoglobin yezinye izilwanyana, ukwakheka kwayo kuqulethe ubhedu endaweni yentsimbi, enika umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Olunye uphawu lwezi zilwanyana kukuba i-arteries kunye ne-veins, kunye ne-capillaries, ijikelezwe yisigqubuthelo esibizwa ngokuba yi-endothelium, ngokungafaniyo nezinye izilwanyana ezingenamqolo.
Curiosities
Ngoku siyazi ukuba zingaphi iintliziyo ze-octopus, makhe sifunde ngakumbi malunga nokufuna ukwazi:
- Iingwane zinengubo emqolo, umngxuma, ilungu lemisipha elincamathela ngasemva kwentloko kwaye libizwa ngokuba yi-visceral mass. Bona ke, babonisa umngxuma, obizwa ngokuba yiglowubhu ephaphathekileyo, equlethe iigill kwaye idityaniswe ngaphandle nge-siphon, i-funnel-shaped muscular structure.
- SZizizilwanyana ezizingelayo kwaye zitya kakhulu kwi-crustaceans kunye ne-molluscs., inkqubo yayo yokwetyisa iquka umlomo onomlomo we-chitinous, ngaphakathi kukho isakhiwo esibizwa ngokuba yi-radula enamazinyo okukrazula ixhoba.
- Eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokuhamba ibizwa ngokuba yi "jet propulsion", kwaye kubandakanya ukukhupha amanzi nge-siphon ebizwa ngokuba yi-siphon, ukuyivumela ukuba ibhukude ngokukhawuleza.
- Zizilwanyana ezine gonad enye kuphela. (i-ovary okanye i-testes) kwaye izala ngokugqithiselwa kwedlozi. Iinkunzi zinelungu lokukhwelana elibizwa ngokuba yi-hectocotyl ezithi ngalo zingenise i-seminal vesicles kumngxuma wemazi, apho zikhupha amadlozi.
- Banedlala le-inki elizoba iimfihlo ezimnyama ezivumela ukuba zibaleke kumarhamncwa.
- Iingwane zinokuzifihla xa zizingela kwaye zibaleka kumarhamncwa, enkosi kubukho beeseli ezikhethekileyo eluswini lwakho, ezifana neeseli pigment, ezihlengahlengisa umbala wazo ngokwendawo engqongileyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba zingaphi iintliziyo ze-octopus kunye neempawu zayo.