I-ozone layer yindawo yonyango apho i-ozone concentrations iphezulu kunesiqhelo. Lo maleko usikhusela kwimitha yelanga eyingozi yeUV. Noko ke, ukukhutshwa kwemichiza ethile ebizwa ngokuba zii<em>chlorofluorocarbons kuye kwabangela umngxuma kucwecwe lweozone. Umngxuma ubusaziwa amashumi eminyaka kwaye ucutheka ngenxa yeProtocol yaseMontreal. abaninzi abazi yintoni umngxuma kwi-ozone layer.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siya kuzinikela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba yintoni umngxuma kwi-ozone layer, zeziphi iimpawu zayo kunye nemiphumo.
umaleko wokhuselo
Masiqale siqonde ukuba yintoni i-ozone layer. Ngumaleko okhuselayo obekwe kwistratosphere. Lo maleko usebenza njenge isihluzo semitha ye-UV eyingozi ngokwebhayoloji evela elangeni. Ayikwazanga ukukhusela le mitha ye-ultraviolet ngendlela eqinisekisa ubomi eMhlabeni njengoko siyazi namhlanje.
Phezu kwako nje ukubaluleka kolu maleko ukuze usinde, kubonakala ngathi abantu bazimisele ukuwutshabalalisa. I-Chlorofluorocarbons ziikhemikhali ezitshabalalisa i-ozone ekhoyo kwi-stratosphere ngokusabela okwahlukeneyo. Yigesi eyenziwe yifluorine, iklorini kunye nekhabhoni. Xa lo mchiza ufika kwi-stratosphere, uba ne-photolysis reaction kunye nemitha ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni. Oku kubangela ukuba iimolekyuli zihlukane kwaye zidinga iiathom zeklorine. I-Chlorine iphendula kunye ne-ozone ekhoyo kwi-stratosphere kubangela ukuba iiathom zeoksijini zenze kwaye ziphule i-ozone. Ngale ndlela, ukukhutshwa kwezi khemikhali ngokuqhubekayo kubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-ozone layer.
Kwakhona, khumbula ukuba le michiza inobomi obude kwi-atmosfera. Ndiyabulela kwiProtocol yaseMontreal, ukukhutshwa kwezi khemikhali akuvumelekanga ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kude kube namhlanje, i-ozone layer ihleli yonakele. Umngxuma kucwecwe lwe-ozone uphucuka kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa namashumi eminyaka adlulileyo. Makhe sijonge nzulu.
Yintoni umngxuma kwi-ozone layer
I-ozone ifumaneka kwi-stratosphere, kwindawo ephakamileyo phakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-30 yeekhilomitha. Olu maleko lwenziwe ziimolekyuli zeozone, ezithi zona zenziwe ziiathom ezintathu zeathom zeoksijini. Indima yalo maleko kukufunxa imitha ye-UV-B kwaye usebenze njengesihluzo sokunciphisa umonakalo.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-ozone layer kwenzeka xa ukusabela kweekhemikhali kubangelwa ukuchithwa kwe-ozone kwi-stratosphere. Imitha yelanga engenayo ihluzwa ngumaleko we-ozone kunye neemolekyuli ze-ozone zitshatyalaliswa yimitha ye-UV-B, kwaye xa oku kusenzeka iimolekyuli ze-ozone zidiliza zibe yioksijini kunye ne-nitrogen dioxide. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yifotolysis. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimolekyuli ziqhekeza phantsi kwesenzo sokukhanya.
Iifom ze-carbon dioxide kunye ne-oksijini azihlukani ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ziphinde zidibanise, ziphinde zenze i-ozone. Eli nyathelo alisoloko lisenzeka kwaye unoxanduva lomngxuma kwi-ozone layer. Esona sizathu siphambili sokutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwe-ozone kukukhutshwa kweeklorofluorocarbons. Nangona sele sichazile ukuba ukukhanya kwelanga okungenayo kutshabalalisa i-ozone, yenza njalo ngendlela yokuba ibhalansi ingathathi hlangothi. Oko kukuthi, inani le-ozone elichithwe yi-photolysis lilingana okanye lingaphantsi kwexabiso le-ozone elinokuthi lenziwe ngumbutho we-intermolecular.
Oku kuthetha ukuba oyena nobangela wokuphela kwe-ozone kukukhutshwa kweklorofluorocarbons. IWorld Meteorological Organisation ithi i-ozone layer iya kubuyiselwa malunga ne-2050 ngenxa yokuvalwa kwezi mveliso. Khumbula ukuba olu luqikelelo lonke ekubeni, kwanokuba le michiza ingasasetyenziswa, ihlala isesibhakabhakeni kangangamashumi eminyaka.
iziphumo zehlabathi
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umngxuma kwi-ozone layer ifumaneka ikakhulu phezu kwe-Antarctica. Nangona inkoliso yeegesi eziphelisa ucweyo lweozone zikhutshwa kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho, kukho umsinga ohambisa ezi gesi eAntarctica. Yintoni egqithisile, kufuneka sandise ixesha lokuhlala kwezi gesi emoyeni kunye nexesha ezinokutshabalalisa i-ozone.
Ezi gesi zixhamla kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi ngenxa yomjikelo omkhulu woMhlaba kwaye iphule kakhulu le ngqungquthela ye-ozone. Kwaye okukhona iqondo lobushushu lisezantsi, kokukhona umonakalo omkhulu umaleko. Oku kubangela ukuba ukuhla kwe-ozone kunyuke ebusika kwaye kubuyiselwe entwasahlobo.
Ukuwohloka okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-ozone layer kunokuba nemiphumo eyahlukeneyo. Siza kuhlalutya ukuba zibandakanya ntoni na kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngubani ochaphazelekayo.
Iziphumo kwimpilo yabantu
- Umhlaza wolusu: Sesinye sezona zifo zaziwayo ezinxulumene nokuba sesichengeni kwimitha ye-UV-B. Ekubeni isifo singabonakali ngoku, kodwa ngaphezu kweminyaka, kuyimfuneko ukutshisa ilanga kwaye uzikhusele.
- Iimeko zenkqubo yamajoni omzimba: Isebenza emzimbeni ukunciphisa amandla ayo okuzikhusela kwizifo ezosulelayo.
- Umbono utshintsho: Ibangela i-cataract kunye ne-presbyopia rhoqo.
- Iingxaki zokuphefumla: Ezinye iingxaki zi-asthma ngenxa yokwanda kwe-ozone kwi-atmosfera ephantsi.
Iziphumo kwizilwanyana zasemhlabeni nezaselwandle
Unemiphumo emibi kuzo zonke izilwanyana zasemhlabeni, enemiphumo efanayo ebantwini. Ke zona izilwanyana zaselwandle, le radiation ifikelela kumphezulu ngendlela echaphazela ngqo iphytoplankton yolwandle. Ubuninzi bezi phytoplankton buncitshiswe kangangokuba buchaphazele ikhonkco lokutya.
iziphumo kwizityalo
Iziganeko zale mitha ye-ultraviolet, eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu, ichaphazela ukuphuhliswa kweentlobo zezityalo, kubangela utshintsho kwixesha labo leentyantyambo kunye nokukhula. Konke oku kunokuchaphazela ukuhla kwezityalo nezityalo.
Njengoko unokubona, nangona abantu abaninzi bengawazi ukuba yintoni na umngxuma okwi-ozone, uyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwisijikelezi-langa sethu. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni umngxuma kwi-ozone layer kunye neziphi iimpawu zayo.