I-Ozone (O3) yimolekyuli eyenziwe ziiathom ezintathu zeoksijini. I-ozone yenziwa xa imolekyuli yeoksijini ifumana imincili ngokwaneleyo ukuba ihle ingene kwioksijini yeathom enamanqanaba amabini ahlukeneyo amandla, kwaye ukungqubana phakathi kweeathom ezahlukeneyo koko kuvelisa iozone. I-allotrope ye-oksijeni, ebangelwa ukulungiswa kwakhona kwee-athomu ze-oxygen xa i-molecule iphantsi kokukhutshwa kombane. Ngoko ke, lolona hlobo lusebenzayo lweoksijini. Ibaluleke kakhulu kuba iyona nto iphambili kucwecwe lwe-ozone. Noko ke, abantu abaninzi abazi yintoni i-ozone.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siya kuzinikela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba yintoni i-ozone, zeziphi iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.
Yintoni i-ozone
Usokhemisti uChristian Friedrich Schönbein wakwazi ukwahlula le khompawundi yegesi kwigama lesiGrike elithi ozein ngo-1839 kwaye wayibiza ngokuba yi "ozone", elithetha "ukunuka". Kamva, ngowe-1867, iqinisekise ifomula ye-ozone i-O3 egqitywe kwiminyaka emithathu ngaphambili nguJacques-Louis Soret.
I-ozone yi-gaseous compound ene-blue tint. Kwimeko yolwelo, kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-115ºC, ngumbala oluhlaza we-indigo. Ngokwendalo yayo, i-ozone i-oxidizing kakhulu, ngoko inoxanduva lokubulala iintsholongwane, ukuhlanjululwa kunye nokuphelisa iintsholongwane ze-pathogenic ezifana neentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, i-fungi, i-molds, i-spores ...
I-ozone iphelisa ivumba ngokuhlasela ngokuthe ngqo unobangela wevumba (izinto ezinevumba elibi) kwaye ayongezi nawaphi na amanye amavumba afana nezifudumezi zomoya ukuzama ukuwagquma. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye ii-disinfectants, i-ozone ayishiyi iintsalela zeekhemikhali kuba yigesi engazinzanga ekhawuleza ibola kwi-oksijini phantsi kwesenzo sokukhanya, ukushisa, ukutshitshiswa kwe-electrostatic, njl.
Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili
ozonation naluphi na unyango apho i-ozone ifakwe khona. Ezona zicelo ziphambili zolu nyango kukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokuphelisa ivumba lokusingqongileyo kunye nokunyangwa nokucocwa kwamanzi. Oku kuphelisa ii-microorganisms ze-pathogenic kunye nezivumba ezingathandekiyo.
I-ozone inokuveliswa ngokufanelekileyo usebenzisa i-ozone generator okanye i-ozonator. Ezi zixhobo zizisa ioksijini kumoya wangaphakathi kwaye zidale ukukhutshwa kombane (okubizwa ngokuba yi "corona effect") kwii-electrode. Oku kukhutshwa kwahlula iiathom ezimbini ezenza isuntswana leoksijini, ezithi zona zidibanise zibe ntathu ngezintathu zenze imolekyuli entsha, i-ozone (O3).
Ke, i-ozone yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yeoksijini, yenziwe ngeeathom ezintathu zeoksijini elwa ne-pathogenic kunye / okanye i-organic compounds enobungozi (inxalenye ephambili yongcoliseko lwendalo).
Iipropati eziluncedo ze-ozone
Emva kokuba siyazi ukuba yintoni i-ozone, siya kubona ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zayo ezincedo.
i-microbicide
Mhlawumbi iyona propati ibaluleke kakhulu ye-ozone, kwaye izicelo ezininzi ezingaphezulu zibangelwa kuyo. Ii-Microorganisms naluphi na uhlobo lobomi olungenakubonwa ngeliso lomntu kwaye lufuna ukusetyenziswa kwe-microscope ukujonga. Iintsholongwane ezibizwa ngokuba zii-pathogens zezo zikwaziyo ukubangela izifo ezosulelayo. Zihlala zihlala kuzo zonke iintlobo zomphezulu, kuzo zonke iintlobo zolwelo, okanye zidada emoyeni ezinxulumene namasuntswana othuli oluncinci, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezivaliweyo apho umoya uguquka ngokucothayo.
I-ozone, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ze-oxidizing, ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zikhawulezayo nezisebenzayo zokungunda ezaziwayo, ezikwaziyo ukusebenza kwinani elikhulu lezinto ezincinci ezinje ngebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, umngundo kunye nespores. Zonke zinoxanduva lweengxaki zempilo yabantu kunye nevumba elibi.
I-ozone yenza ezi microorganisms zingasebenzi ngokusabela nge I-intracellular enzymes, izinto zenyukliya kunye namacandelo emvulophu yeseli yayo, i-spores kunye ne-viral capsids. Ngale ndlela, ii-microorganisms azikwazi ukuguqula kwaye zinikeze ukuchasana kolu nyango kuba ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto zofuzo kwenzeka. I-ozone isebenza ngokufaka i-oxidizing amasuntswana kwinwebu yeseli, ukuqinisekisa ukuba awaphindi avele.
Unyango lwe-ozone alunavumba, ngoko ke aluxanduva kuphela ukucoca kunye nokunciphisa naluphi na uhlobo lwevumba, kodwa aluthethi ukuba ivumba elithile ekupheleni kokusetyenziswa. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba i-ozone ayivelisi nayiphi na intsalela, ekubeni iyinto engazinzanga, ithande ukubuyela kwimo yayo yokuqala, ioksijini (O2), ke ngoko, iyayihlonela indalo kunye neemveliso, kwaye iqinisekisa impilo-ntle yabantu.
Isiqhumiso
Olunye uphawu lwe-ozone lukwazi ukuphelisa naluphi na uhlobo lwevumba elingathandekiyo ngaphandle kokushiya naluphi na uhlobo lwentsalela. Olu nyango luluncedo kakhulu kwiindawo ezivaliweyo apho umoya awukwazi ukuhlaziywa rhoqo. Kwezi ntlobo zeendawo, ukuba kukho ukuthontelana kwabantu, ivumba elibi lisenokuvela (icuba, ukutya, ukufuma, ukubila, njl.) ngenxa yesenzo seemolekyuli ekumisweni kunye nee-microorganisms ezahlukeneyo kuzo.
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-ozone ngenxa yezizathu ezibini, kwelinye icala i-oxidizes i-organic matter, ngaphezu kokuyihlasela nge-ozonation, kwaye kwenye ihlasela i-microorganisms ezondla kuyo. Kukho amavumba amaninzi anokutshatyalaliswa yi-ozone. Konke kuxhomekeke kubume bento ebangela ivumba. Ukusuka kule propati, umngcipheko wayo kwisenzo se-ozone unokumiselwa, kunye nedosi efunekayo ukuphelisa i-ozone.
Isiphumo se-ozonation echanekileyo kukuba apho kukho iphunga elibi, alivumba nantoni na. Njengayo nayiphi na i-disinfectant, amandla okubulala iintsholongwane e-ozone axhomekeke ekugxininiseni kwayo kunye nexesha lokudibanisa phakathi kwe-disinfectant kunye ne-pathogen. I-ozone iphendula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwiintsholongwane ngenxa yokuba i-oxidant ye-pathogens.
umonakalo we-ozone
I-ozone ayinayo kuphela iipropati ezincedo, kodwa kunye nezinye ezinobungozi kwimpilo yabantu. Le yizona monakalo ziphambili ze-ozone. Iziphumo kwimpilo ziya kuxhomekeka kwiqondo lokuvezwa kwi-ozone (ixesha kunye nobungakanani):
- Ukuguga kwangaphambili kwemiphunga.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemiphunga.
- Ukucaphuka kwamehlo, impumlo kunye nomqala.
- ukuhlaselwa sisifuba
- Intloko ebuhlungu.
- Ukuguqulwa kwamajoni omzimba.
Yiyo loo nto ehlotyeni ngakumbi kwezo ndawo zinezinga eliphezulu lokungcoliseka kwendalo, ilanga kwaye kushushu kakhulu (akukho moya), kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo ekugxininiseni kwe-ozone emoyeni kwaye uqale ukuthatha izilumkiso xa zivela. Ngaphezulu kwe-180 µg/m3 kumaqela asemngciphekweni omkhulu kunye nangaphezulu kwe-240 µg/m3 kwabanye abantu.
Kule nto, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ukuxinwa kwe-ozone ngaphakathi kwendlu ngokuqhelekileyo yi-50% yaloo nto yangaphandle. Ukongezelela, ibethwa ngumoya, kwaye inqanaba eliphezulu emini lidla ngokufikelela emva kwemini kwaye liwela ekutshoneni kwelanga.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-ozone kunye neempawu zayo.