Siva malunga ecotourism okanye ukhenketho lwendalo rhoqo nangakumbi kuba lelinye lawona macandelo akhula ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke ishishini lokuhamba kule minyaka yakutsha nje. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba wonke umntu uyazi ukuba angachaza ntoni na, kuba kwiimeko ezininzi ingcamango ye-ecotourism ibhidaniswa nokhenketho oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo, kodwa alucacisi uhlobo lobudlelwane olwenziwa ngumkhenkethi. undwendwela.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni i-ecotourism, isebenza njani kwaye yintoni ukubaluleka kwayo.
Yintoni ukhenketho lwezendalo
Ngokutsho kwe-International Ecotourism Association (i-TIES), i-ecotourism inokuchazwa "njengohambo olunembopheleleko kwiindawo zendalo ezikhusela indalo kunye nokuphucula impilo-ntle yabemi basekuhlaleni." Ngoko, ukuthetha nge-ecotourism kuthetha malunga nokhenketho olunoxanduva kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni abahlala kuloo ndawo. Ngamanye amazwi, ngokuchasene noko kwakucingwa ekuqaleni, i-ecotourism ayikho nje nayiphi na indlela yokhenketho ehambelana nendalo, kodwa ukongeza kwindalo, ubudlelwane kufuneka buhlale busekelwe kwintlonipho kunye nombono wokuziphatha.
Ngale ndlela, ukuba sithatha uhambo oluya ezintabeni njengomzekelo, sinokuthi i-ecotourism kuba yindalo yendalo. Kodwa yintoni echaza ngokwenene ukuba uhambo lwethu ngumzekelo we-ecotourism iya kuba ubudlelwane esiphuhlisayo kunye nentaba, kungekhona nje indawo ekhethiweyo.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba senza indlela, uhambo lwethu ayinayo impembelelo embi entabeni (asiyikulahla inkunkuma kwindawo, asiyikulimaza i-flora kunye ne-fauna yendalo, kwaye asiyi kusebenzisana nokusetyenziswa okungalawulekiyo kwelifa lemveli, amashishini asekuhlaleni okanye abahlali, njl.), kunokubonwa njengomzekelo. yokhenketho lwendalo.
Nangona, ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba uhambo olufanayo lwenziwa ngendlela engazinzanga, umzekelo usebenzisa izibonelelo ezifana neendawo zokuchithela i-ski (empembelelo yazo iyingozi kakhulu kwindawo yeentaba), nangona luhlobo lwendalo yendalo kunye singadala ubutyebi kubemi bengingqi, asinakukwazi ngenene ukuthetha malunga nokhenketho lwendalo, kuba ubudlelwane obukhoyo phakathi kwabakhenkethi kunye nokusingqongileyo kuthetha ukuthotywa kwentsebenzo yemisebenzi yabo yokhenketho.
Imigaqo yokhenketho lwendalo
I-International Ecotourism Association ichaza olona khenketho luyinyani njenge-ecotourism ehambelana nemigaqo ethile. Le yimigaqo esixhenxe ye-ecotourism:
- Ukunciphisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga kokusingqongileyo nakuluntu.
- Ukuvelisa intlonipho nokwazisa, kubandakanywa okusingqongileyo kunye nenkcubeko.
- Phuhlisa amava akhuthazayo kubakhenkethi kunye nabahlali basekuhlaleni.
- Ukuvelisa izibonelelo zoqoqosho ezisetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ukukhusela indawo.
- ufikelelo oluqinisekisiweyo izibonelelo zemali kunye nokukhuthazwa kwentatho-nxaxheba yoluntu ekwenzeni izigqibo.
- Ukwandisa ubuntununtunu kwimo yezopolitiko, yokusingqongileyo neyentlalo yeziza ezityelelweyo.
- Xhasa amalungelo oluntu jikelele kunye nemithetho nemigaqo yabasebenzi bengingqi.
Le migaqo isixhenxe sisiqalo sokuqonda ubunzulu be-ecotourism kunye neenjongo zayo zexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide.
Iimpembelelo kuluntu
Namhlanje, kuluntu lwabathengi esihlala kulo, kukho iindlela ezininzi "zokwenza ukhenketho", kwaye njengemisebenzi emininzi yemihla ngemihla kuluntu olunjalo, impembelelo yayo kwindalo iyingozi. Olu hlobo "lokhenketho lwabathengi" lubandakanya ukuthotywa kokusingqongileyo kwendalo kunye uphuhliso lwabasebenzi bengingqi ukuze bazuze lukhulunokuba ithini na ifuthe layo.
Le ndlela yokuqonda ukhenketho, ngokweenqobo ezisesikweni noqoqosho, yenza impazamo enkulu. Ngokwembono yeenqobo ezisesikweni, ukuthotywa kokusingqongileyo kunye nokuphathwa kakubi kwabemi basekuhlaleni akuthetheleleki.
Ngokwembono yezoqoqosho, olu hlobo lokhenketho lufuna ukutshatyalaliswa kwelifa elivumela ukuba ukhenketho lubekho kwaye lugcinwe, ngaloo ndlela lucingelwa ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kwalo licandelo lokuvelisa ubutyebi.
Ngale ndlela, ukhenketho lwabathengi iboniswa njengohlobo lohambo lwemodeli "yokusebenzisa nokulahla". elawula imisebenzi emininzi kuluntu lwanamhlanje, engumzekelo ombi wayo yonke into enxulumene nokusingqongileyo.
Ngokuchaseneyo noko, i-ecotourism ngumzekelo wokhenketho apho ukwenza imisebenzi yakho kungathethi ukonakalisa okusingqongileyo kunye nezokhenketho ezivumela ukwenziwa kwezinto. Oku kuneziphumo zokuziphatha nezoqoqosho. Ngokwembono yokuziphatha, Yimodeli yokhenketho evumela ubudlelwane obunenkathalo nendalo kunye noluntu lwengingqi.
Ngokwembono yezoqoqosho, iqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi wabakhenkethi ekuthethwa ngawo ngumsebenzi ohlala ixesha elide, oko kuthetha ukuba uya kukwazi ukuvelisa ubutyebi ngokungenasiphelo kwaye ngaphandle komhla wokuphelelwa, kunye nokuqinisekisa ikamva loqoqosho oluzinzileyo kuluntu. yasekhaya.
Imizekelo ye-ecotourism
Eminye yeyona mizekelo ibalaseleyo ye-ecotourism inokufunyanwa kulawulo lwezinye iipaki zendalo kunye noovimba baselwandle abahlengahlengise iimodeli zabo zoshishino ukuba ukubeka phambili ulondolozo ngaphezu kweenzuzo zokhenketho lwabathengi. Oku kwenziwa ngemigaqo-nkqubo ethile, ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo zezi zilandelayo:
Ukunciphisa inani labatyeleli kunye nezithuthi zabucala
Lo ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokunciphisa impembelelo yokhenketho oluninzi. Amatikiti kufuneka athengwe kwangethuba, avumele a ulawulo olungcono lothutho lwabatyeleli, lungaze lugqithe kwinani labatyeleli ngaphandle kolawulo lomlawuli wesithili. Ngokunjalo, ukufikelela ngendlela kuthintelwe, nto leyo enyanzelisa abakhenkethi ukuba bafikelele kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ngezithuthi ezikhethekileyo ukulungiselela le njongo kwaye baphephe izithuthi zabucala.
Imisebenzi ngaphandle kwemiphumo ephazamisayo
Ngokwemvelo, ubukho babakhenkethi bunempembelelo kwindalo. Nangona kunjalo, okuphambili kuya kunikwa loo misebenzi ine impembelelo ayiphazamisi okanye ayinakulungiswa. Ngokomzekelo, ukutyelela emini kwiipaki zendalo kuvunyelwe, kodwa ukumisa inkampu ebusuku akuvumelekanga.
Ukudala iziseko zophuhliso ezizinzileyo
Eyona ndlela ingcono yokulawula okusingqongileyo kokhenketho kukulawula ngokuzinzileyo iziseko zoncedo zabakhenkethi. Ngele ndlela, Izijekulo ezilula ezifana nokubeka ibhokisi yenkunkuma kwindawo yokupaka inceda ukuba isebenze.
Ukudala imisebenzi kunye nokuvuselela uqoqosho lwengingqi
Ukudalwa kwemisebenzi yasekuhlaleni kuyathandwa kuba kufuna ukubakho kwabasebenzi rhoqo. Njengabagcini, oogqirha bezilwanyana, abasebenzi benkonzo yokhenketho, amagcisa asekuhlaleni, njl.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-ecotourism kunye neempawu zayo.