Enye yeenzululwazi ezibonelela ngenkqubela phambili enkulu kwezobuchwephesha eluntwini biotechnology. Yinzululwazi ehambela phambili ethi, ngokuqinisekileyo, iya isiba nkulu kwimilebe yomntu wonke. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunqongophala kolwazi olusekhona malunga noko akwenzayo, nokuba kwenzelwa ntoni okanye yintoni ayifundayo, baninzi abantu abangazi nto ngayo. Yile nto silapha namhlanje.
Kule nqaku siza kuchaza ukuba yintoni i-biotechnology kwaye yeyiphi inkalo efundwayo.
Yintoni i-biotechnology
I-Biotechnology yinzululwazi ethi izame ngeendlela ngeendlela ukuqonda ukuba zisebenza njani ezinye izinto. Kunzima ukufumana inkcazo ekhonkrithi kunye neyonke malunga nayo. Ngendlela ebanzi, kunokuthiwa i-biotechnology yisayensi efunda indlela yokuphatha ezinye iindlela ezisebenza ukuguqula izinto eziphilayo. Yi le, ukujongana ne-DNA yabo, iindlela zokuziphatha eziguqulwayo, iipateni zokuphinda zivelise, njl.
Imalunga nokusetyenziswa kwemigaqo eyahlukeneyo ukuba isayensi kunye nobunjineli kufuneka babe nakho ukuphatha izinto ezithile eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo. Ezi zinto zinefuthe ngqo kwiinkqubo zendalo kwaye zinokuguqulwa zivelise zombini iimpahla kunye neenkonzo. Kwelinye icala, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-biotechnology sisicelo setekhnoloji kwizinto eziphilayo okanye kwiziphumo zazo. Yenzelwe ukuguqula iimveliso ezithile zebhayiloji okanye iinkqubo ukuze zisetyenziswe kwicandelo elithile.
Isishwankathelo, imalunga nokusebenzisa oomatshini bebhayiloji abaneeseli eziphilayo ukuze bakwazi ukuvelisa iinkonzo eziluncedo ebantwini. Ezi nkonzo zinokubandakanya icandelo lamayeza, elezemizi-mveliso okanye lokutya. I-Biotechnology inamacandelo amaninzi apho izifundo ezahlukeneyo zidityanisiwe, kubandakanya nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo. Umzekelo, sikumacandelo anje ngebhayoloji yeseli, ibhayoloji yemolekyuli, kunye ne-bioinformatics. Kuyimfuneko ukwazi ezinye iinkalo ezinxulumene ne-chemistry kunye ne-physics.
Yenzelwe ntoni
Ngoku ukuba siyazi ukuba yintoni i-biotechnology, siza kuxoxa ngezicelo ezahlukeneyo ezinazo ebomini bokwenyani. Le sayensi inentsimi ebanzi yesicelo. Ngokusebenzisa obu buchwephesha, oosonzululwazi kunye nabaphandi bangasebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuba yi "biological technology" izinto eziphilayo ezinayo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.
Bekusoloko kusithiwa umzimba wethu usebenza ngokungathi ngumatshini apho yonke into icwangcisiwe kwaye izenzekelayo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ucinge malunga nokwetyisa ukutya kunye nokudlulisa izakhamzimba egazini, umzimba uyenza ngokwawo. Ngele ndlela, i-biotechnology izama ukunxulumanisa izicelo zayo namayeza, ikhemesti nezolimo. Umzekelo, kwezolimo izityalo ezinemveliso ngakumbi zingafumaneka ngokuguqula imizila yemfuza ebenza babe sesichengeni ngakumbi kwiimeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo.
Singasebenzisa indawo yemfuza yetumato eyenza ukuba inganyamezeli iqabaka ukuze ikhule kakuhle kuluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu asezantsi. Kwelinye icala, kwishishini lokutya okanye kwimiba yokusingqongileyo, kunokwenzeka ukufumana imithombo emitsha yamandla ahlaziyekayo, ezinye iinkqubo zokunyanga inkunkuma ethile enjengomgquba nokuphelisa ungcoliseko.
I-Biotechnology iluncedo kuko konke oku. Zama nje ukufumana iindawo ezintsha zokuphucula ukusebenza kwemisebenzi namhlanje ekufuneka ihlaziyiwe. Imveliso engaphezulu, umgangatho wobomi obungcono kunye nomngcipheko omncinci wezempilo.
Iindidi zebhayoloji
Ukuhlela i-biotechnology, sijonga indawo apho iinkonzo zijolise khona. Zahlulahlulwe ngokusekwe kwikhowudi yombala. Sifumana ezi ntlobo zebhayoloji:
I-biotechnology eluhlaza
Eli candelo lijolise kwiinkqubo zezolimo. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ukufunyanwa kwezityalo kunye nezityalo kunokufumaneka. Ezi mveliso zithetha ukuba baguqule iDNA. Bayakwazi ukubonisa ezinye izinto ezintsha kunye nezibonelelo ngokubhekisele kwezinye iimveliso ezingaguqulwanga. Umzekelo, banokukhula phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezingazukubalungela kwaye bamelane ngcono nezinambuzane nezifo. Oku kunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa kwaye kuqinisekisa iziphumo ezingcono ngeenzuzo ezingcono.
Biotechnology eblue
Eli candelo le-biotechnology lisaqhubeka nophuhliso. Nangona kunjalo, ijolise kwimeko yolwandle nasemanzini. Kulindeleke ukuba ibe negalelo elikhulu kwi ezaselwandle, ukutya, ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye neemveliso zokuthambisa.
Ngwevu zebhayoloji
Olu luhlobo lwe-biotechnology ejolise ekugcineni indalo. Injongo kukususa ukungcolisa komhlaba okubangela ukulahleka kweentlobo kunye nokuqhekeka kwendalo. Olu hlobo ludibene neenkqubo zokulungiswa kwezinto apho izityalo kunye neentsholongwane zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa nokuphelisa izinto eziyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo.
I-biotechnology ebomvu
Olu hlobo lolunye olusetyenzisiweyo ukuphucula iimveliso zonyango. Ngayo, imveliso yeentsholongwane evela kwizinto ezahlukeneyo inokuphuculwa. Oku kusinceda ukuba siphuhlise izitofu namachiza ukuphucula unyango lwezifo ezithile.
Inkqubo yezoqoqosho kwibhayoloji
Injongo yeli sebe kukudala iimveliso zihla ngokulula kwaye zisebenzisa amandla amancinci. Ukuncitshiswa kwamandla asetyenziswayo kubalulekile ekongeni izinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nokunciphisa ungcoliseko. Le biotechnology inxulumene naleyo ifuna ukuphucula okusingqongileyo kunye nolondolozo lwayo.
Umzekelo, isetyenziswa kumzi mveliso wempahla eyolukiweyo ukuze inkunkuma encinci iveliswe kwimveliso yayo. Ngaphandle kwezi ntlobo zebhayoloji kukho eminye enemibala eyahlukeneyo kodwa ayixhaphakanga kakhulu kuba sisayensi eqhubayo.
Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga
Nangona konke oku kuchaziwe apha ngasentla kubonakala kuluncedo kuphela, kukwafuneka ukuba kuchazwe iziphene ezithile ezinokuba nazo obu buchwephesha. Phakathi kwezi ntsilelo sidwelise:
- Umngcipheko kwindalo esingqongileyo njengokulungiswa kwizinambuzane kwiityhefu ezahlukileyo okanye ukulahleka kwemvelo.
- Eminye imingcipheko yempilo, njengoko iityhefu ezintsha zinokwenziwa.
- Yehlisa abasebenzi kwiindawo ezininzi. Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke loo nto, ezolimo zezona zichaphazeleka kakhulu kukuphuculwa kwazo zonke iinkqubo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi kuyacaca ukuba yintoni i-biotechnology.