Kumanqaku angaphambili besibonile ukuba yayiyi ukukhwabanisa. Yindlela yegesi kunye neyokukhupha ioyile ukwenza obu buchule, uxinzelelo lusetyenzisiwe kwizinto ezithile zomhlaba apho ziya kukhutshwa khona. Oku kusebenza ekusebenziseni iziqhekeza esele ziphakathi kwelitye nokukhupha igesi yendalo okanye ioyile esele ikho. Namhlanje sigxile kwi fracking eSpain. Uphuhle njani u-fracking kule minyaka kwaye ivele njani maxa onke. Kutheni le nto ukukhwabanisa kuyekile ukusetyenziswa?
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela konke malunga nokukhwabanisa eSpain.
Iziphumo zokuqhekeka
Ingxaki ngokukhwabanisa kukuba yindlela etshabalalisa iindawo ezininzi zeplanethi. Impembelelo kokusingqongileyo iphezulu njengoko ezinye iindawo zokugcina igesi zendalo ziphantse zingafikeleleki. Zininzi izifundo ezityhila iimpembelelo ezingalunganga ezibangelwa kukuqhekeka kwendalo. Zonakalisa zombini izityalo, izilwanyana, amanzi, umhlaba kunye nempilo yabantu. Kungenxa yokuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula kunye nokucekisa ilitye. Nje ukuba ezi khemikhali zisetyenziswe, imithombo yamanzi kunye nomhlaba ziphela zingcolisekile. Ngesi sizathu, obu buchule bokutsalwa kwerhasi yendalo kunye neoyile bekuhlala kuhlala kunempikiswano enkulu.
Ayisenguye kuphela ungcoliseko oluveliswa bubuchule kodwa ziigesi zegreenhouse ezikhutshelwa emoyeni, kubandakanya negesi yemethane. Le gesi iyingozi kakhulu emoyeni kuba inefuthe lokushisa okungaphezulu kune-carbon dioxide ngokwayo. Kukho nezinye iikhemikhali ezisetyenziswa njenge-benzene kunye nelothe ezihlelwe njenge-carcinogenic.
Siza kuhlalutya indlela indawo e-fracking eSpain eguquke ngayo. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kokuxhaphaza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo njengesixhobo sendalo de kuyehla.
Ukugxotha eSpain
Ekuqaleni kokusebenzisa obu buchule, bekukho iinkampani ezintlanu ezibeka inyama kwindawo yokosa kumhlaba ongaphantsi waseSpain. Oku kuqale ekuqaleni kuka-2010. Obu buchule buthembise ukuba yonke igesi yendalo inokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kweSpeyin kwiihydrocarbons ezivela kwamanye amazwe, isenze sizimele ngokupheleleyo kubo. Ukusuka kwimbono yamandla yayiyeyona nto inokwenzeka kwaye le ntshukumo yajoyina oosodolophu kunye nokuzimela. Nangona kunjalo, amaxabiso asezantsi azonakalisile zonke izicwangciso zokukhupha. Ezi nkampani zintlanu zikhankanywe apha ngasentla ziyekile ukunikezela.
Obu buchule bokukhupha igesi yendalo yayilutshintsho lwamandla eMelika. Iinkampani zaseSpain zathi utshintsho lwegesi yendalo lunokuza apha. Oku kungenxa yokuba kumhlaba ongaphantsi weSpeyin, ikakhulu lowo weBasque Cantabrian Basin, kukho oovimba begesi yendalo abalingana phantse iminyaka engama-70 kuko konke ukusetyenziswa kukazwelonke okwangoku. Ezi datha zivela kwingxelo ka-2013 eyayilungiswe nguMbutho weeNkampani zaseSpain zoPhando, ukuHlolwa kunye neMveliso yeeHydrocarbon kunye nokuGcina phantsi komhlaba. Le ngxelo ibonakalise ukuba kumhlaba ongaphantsi waseSpain bekukho ngaphezulu kwe-700 yezigidi zeerandi kwirhasi yendalo. Ngokucacileyo, eli nani lemali lenze ukuba ezi nkampani zikhankanywe ngasentla ziphinde zicingisise ukukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yendalo ngokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic.
Obu buchule bokukhupha benziwe idemon ngamaqela ezendalo. Iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo eziveliswe kukuqhekeka ziphezulu kakhulu kwaye zonakalisa umhlaba wonke apho kukhutshwa khona izinto.
Iinkampani ezi-5
Iinkampani ezintlanu ezazikhokele intshukumo yokuloba eSpain zenziwa iqela elibizwa ngokuba yiShale Gas Spain. Zonke ezi nkampani sele ziyilahlile le ndlela kwilizwe lethu. Inkampani yokugqibela yinkampani kawonkewonke exhomekeke kurhulumente waseBasque. Ekupheleni kukaFebruwari kulapho iimvume zophando lwehydrocarbon ezazinikezelwe zarhoxiswa.
Okwangoku sineemvume ezimbalwa ezisebenza ukukhupha irhasi yendalo kule ndlela yokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic. Uninzi lweemvume ikakhulu zijolise eCantabria. Kukule ndawo inabantu abazimeleyo apho ubulungiseleli bamandla bunguye, ngaphandle kwezimbalwa, ezinike ukukhanya okuluhlaza kweeprojekthi zokukhupha. Ngoku, okwangoku, yinkundla yomgaqo-siseko eyenza ukuba iindawo ezizimeleyo zikwazi ukwala okanye zichaphazele iprojekthi yokuqhekeka.
Nangona imiyalezo yokusingqongileyo ifikelele kwinqanaba kuluntu, Ayisiyeyona nto iphambili ekubanjweni kwe-fracking eSpain. Esona sizathu siphambili sokuba obu buchule buyekisiwe kungenxa yokuba ngexabiso eliphantsi leoyile namhlanje. Ngamanye amagama, kwixa elizayo, nokuba ixabiso leoyile linokunyuka na, kunokwenzeka ukuba le meko ingabuyiselwa umva kwaye iphinde isebenze. Uxinzelelo olwenziwa ngamaqela ezendalo alwanelanga ukumisa le ntshukumo. Nangona kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo ezibangelwa yile ndlela yokutsalwa kwerhasi yendalo zingaphezulu kwemida yendalo. Ngale ndlela, ayonakalisi indalo kuphela, kodwa ikonakalisa nabantu.
Ke ngoko, ezi kufanele ukuba zibe zizizathu zokuphelisa ukukhwabanisa eSpain. Kule meko, ezopolitiko kunye nokufumana iivoti luluntu oluzimeleyo nako kudlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Icala elimnyama lokuqhekeka
Njengoko sisazi, obu buchule bugxekiwe ngeendlela ezininzi. Enye yezona zinto ziphikisanayo zibangela iinyikima ezincinci. Kwezinye iindawo eUnited States apho kuye kwakho amazinga aphezulu eenyikima zomhlaba ezincinci, bekukho kwezo ndawo apho kuye kwakho ukukhutshwa okungaphezulu ngenxa yokuqhekeka ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi. Iindawo ezinjengeTexas okanye iOhio apho kungekho mingcipheko yentshukumo zenyikima, kuye kwakho amakhulu eenyikima ezisezantsi.
Enye into kukungcoliseka okuveliswe yile ndlela. Amanzi asisibonelelo esibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ngexesha lenkqubo zombini amanzi omhlaba kunye nalawo ayesetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa imichiza yokutsala ayangcoliseka. Ukubetha okuthile akulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo umonakalo unokuba phezulu kakhulu.
Njengoko ubona, ukukhwabanisa eSpain kunempikiswano. Ndiyathemba ukuba ayizukuphinda inyuke kwakhona nokuba amaxabiso eoyile anyukile. Ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yendalo akuhlawulwa ngomonakalo obangelwe yile ndlela. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nesi sihloko.