Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kungumphumo othe ngqo wemisebenzi yabantu etshabalalisa amahlathi kunye namahlathi eMhlaba ngendlela enkulu. Umonakalo oveliswayo mkhulu kakhulu kwinqanaba lendawo, lommandla kunye neplanethi.
Namhlanje, amahlathi kunye namahlathi ehlabathi, zisogquma i-30% yomhlaba wonke, Nangona kunjalo, kukho iziqwengana ezilingana nePanama ezilahlekelwa zizigidi zeehektare minyaka le. Zithini izizathu kunye neziphumo zoku kugawulwa kwamahlathi?
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi namahlathi kwihlabathi jikelele
Umntu kwimisebenzi yabo yezoqoqosho, kwiindawo zabo zokuhlala, kwimisebenzi yezolimo nakwezolimo, njl. Kufuneka uthathe indawo. Unyaka emva konyaka, Izigidi zeehektare zigawuliwe ukutshintsha ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kunye nokukhupha iinkuni kwizicelo ezininzi. Yiyo loo nto amahlathi ashinyeneyo namahlathi ashinyeneyo enokutshabalala ngokupheleleyo kwisithuba seminyaka elikhulu ukuba umlinganiselo okhoyo wokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi uyaqhubeka.
Ngaphandle kokufumana iphepha, izizathu zokusika imithi zininzi. Kuyinyani ukuba uninzi lwezi zizathu zinxulumene nokufumana imali okanye isidingo samafama ukuze bakwazi ukuxhasa iintsapho zabo. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngenjongo yokuqhuba umsebenzi wezolimo yinto esele yenzelwe phantse yonke imbali, okoko kwafunyanwa ezolimo nemfuyo.
Kwelinye icala, kukho imisebenzi yokugawulwa kwemizi yorhwebo. Ezi zibonelela ngephepha kunye neemveliso zeenkuni zomthi kwintengiso yehlabathi kunye Luxanduva lwayo ukugawula amahlathi angenakubalwa minyaka le. Kuko konke oku kongezwa inyathelo lokufihla abagawuli abaninzi abakha iindlela zokufikelela kumahlathi akhulayo ngokuya esanda. Le misebenzi inefuthe elikhulu kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana zomhlaba wonke.
Iinkonzo ezibonelelwa ngamahlathi namahlathi
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuxhaphaza iinkuni kunye nommandla. Xa sisusa ihlathi kwaye loo mhlaba usetyenziselwa ukufudukela ezidolophini okanye umsebenzi wezolimo, amandla omhlaba ukuze akwazi ukulawula imozulu yawo kunye nokwenziwa kwawo kweekhemikhali kuyehla. Njengoko sisazi kakuhle, Imithi ivelisa ioksijini esiyiphefumlayo kwaye inoxanduva lokufunxa i-CO2 esikhupha kuyo.
Namhlanje izazinzulu ezixhalabise kakhulu kutshintsho lwemozulu ziphanda zonke iintlobo zeendlela ezinokubakho zokufunxa i-CO2, xa eyona yendalo nesebenzayo yile: ihlathi elikhulu okanye ihlathi. Ukongeza koku singanceda ukugcinwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, kuba iintlobo zifuna indawo yokuhlala apho zinokuphuhla kwaye zihlale kakuhle. Ukuba sigawula amahlathi siya kuba nakho ukwahlula iindawo ezihlala kuzo kwaye siphule ubume bendalo.
Kwaye kukho okungakumbi: amahlathi azalisekisa ezinye iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo. Baqokelela kwaye bahluza amanzi ethu amatsha, ngaloo ndlela bagcina umjikelo weeplanethi ojikeleze umhlaba kunye nokumodareyitha kwezikhukula okanye imbalela. Ziyayigcina impilo yomhlaba kuba ixhasa umhlaba ochumileyo, otyebile ngezakhamzimba, endaweni. Sicinga njani ngokutshabalalisa amaqabane angathandabuzekiyo?
Ubudlelwane bamahlathi kunye neepatheni zemvula
Omnye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yemithi kukukwazi kwawo ukukhupha amanzi ngomthamo omkhulu ngamagqabi awo. Le nkqubo iqala xa amanzi, ngenxa yobushushu belanga, ephuma abe ngumphunga (asuka kulwelo aye kwimeko enegesi) aze angene emoyeni njengomphunga wamanzi. Njengokuba unyuka nanjengoko iqondo lobushushu lincipha, umphunga wamanzi uyanyibilika (ujika ube ngamathontsi amancinci) enze amafu. Amanzi ajijisanayo emafini ekugqibeleni aya njengemvula kumazwekazi, ngaloo ndlela evumela ukukhula kwemithi neengcambu zawo, kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Xa amagqabi emithi ewile kwaye ebola emhlabeni, asebenza njengezondlo zebhaktiriya esemhlabeni, ngaloo ndlela avale umjikelo wento. Oku kuthetha ukuba njengoko imithi isuswa kwiplanethi, ulawulo lwemvula luya kuncipha kuba ubudlelwane babo bunxibelelene ngokusondeleyo. Ngaphandle kwemvula umhlaba uya kuqala ukufa, uvelise ukhukuliseko olomeleleyo kwaye indawo yehlathi ekugqibeleni iya kujika ibe yintlango, Ungasathethi ke ngabantu kunye nokuxhomekeka kwabo okukhulu kumanzi okusela phantse kuyo yonke into.
Oyena nobangela uphambili wokugawulwa kwamahlathi
Oyena nobangela uphambili wokugawulwa kwamahlathi sele sithethile, kodwa siza kungena kwiinkcukacha. Siqala ngotshintsho ekusebenziseni umhlaba namanzi kwimisebenzi yezolimo kunye nemfuyo. Ifama ithanda urhwebo kwaye ibonelela ngokutya kwiintsapho kwaye, ngokubanzi, kubemi bonke. Ezolimo kunye nemfuyo ziziseko zokuhlala kunye nempumelelo yoluntu. Nangona kunjalo, intsimi esetyenziselwa ezolimo ifudusa amahlathi kunye nazo, zonke iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezinxulumene nazo. Ingathi itsunami okanye inkanyamba itshabalalise isixeko sethu, besizakwenza ntoni? Kwizilwanyana, izityalo, iintsholongwane kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo kwi-ecosystem ezifana nehlathi elinemvula, ukuzinqunqela intshabalalo kunesiphumo esifana nesenkanyamba esixekweni.
Omnye unobangela ophambili wokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi ngumlilo wasendle. Uninzi lwemililo eyenzeka kwihlabathi liphela yenziwe ngabom ngabantu. Nokuba ngabatshisi okanye ngomdla wezoqoqosho njengokukwazi ukwakha iidolophu emhlabeni kunye nakwinzuzo. Sinezifo zamahlathi kunye nezitshabalalisi ezitshabalalisa indawo enkulu yezityalo nezilwanyana zale ndawo, zibangela ubudlelwane phakathi kwezilwanyana ukuba buhlwempuzeke kwaye kubangele ukuba i-ecosystem ife.
Okwangoku, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi namahlathi kuyingozi enkulu. Ukuba ngokweenkcukacha-manani sihlalutya amaqondo okugawulwa kwamahlathi kwiindawo ezahlukileyo ezibalulekileyo kwezendalo (phakathi kwazo kukho amahlathi ashinyeneyo afumileyo, amahlathi ashinyeneyo omileyo, amahlathi aluhlaza, amahlathi asezintabeni), kunokugqitywa kwelokuba, kule minyaka idlulileyo, le nkqubo ibe yimpumelelo kakhulu. kwiindawo ezomileyo nezomileyo, ingakumbi ezintabeni. Qho ngonyaka siphulukana nezigidi ezili-13 zehektare zamahlathi emveli emhlabeni, ngakumbi amahlathi akweleenjiko eAsia, Afrika naseMelika.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi eAmazon
Njengoko sonke sisazi, iAmazon Rainforest yeyona inkulu eMhlabeni. Yaziwa njengomphunga weplanethi yethu kwaye igubungela ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi I-40% yommandla wonke waseMzantsi Melika. Kuwo wonke umjikelo wekhabhoni owenzeka kwiplanethi yethu kwaye obalulekile ekusindeni kobomi njengoko sisazi, ipesenti enkulu iveliswa eAmazon. Kungenxa yoko le nto yaziwa ngokuba ngumphunga.
Songeza kwakhona kuyo Owona mlambo wesibini mde emhlabeni, uMlambo iAmazon, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-6.400. Kuyo yonke isitya sayo abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 bahlala kumazwe afana neBrazil, iBolivia, iPeru okanye i-Ecuador.
Utyani obutshisayo kwihlabathi lonke lubambisa malunga neebhiliyoni ezingama-200.000 zeetoni zekhabhoni ngonyaka. Yabo, Izigidi ezingama-70.000 zenziwa yimithi yaseAmazon. Yiyo ke loo nto, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngaphezulu, kokukhona isixa sekhabhoni siguqulwa sibe yicarbon dioxide, ngenxa yoko, umthamo wokufunxwa osezantsi yimithi, kuba kukho imithi embalwa, yiyo loo nto ikhupha icarbon dioksayidi esemhlabeni.
Unobangela wokugawulwa kwamahlathi eAmazon uyafana nakulo lonke ihlabathi. Ukukhula kwezidingo zommandla wokuhlwayela kunye nokusebenza kwezolimo kwimveliso kunye nokondla iintsapho. Ngokugawulwa kwemithi ukuze ufumane isithuba sokutyala, iyanda i-CO2 yesijikelezi-langa, kuba akukho mithi iyifunxayo ngefotosinthesisi.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi eSpain?
Kukho inkolelo ngokubanzi malunga nokugawulwa kwamahlathi eSpain. Nangona kunjalo, ISpain iluhlaza ngoku ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo. Ngokwedatha eqokelelwe zizazinzulu, umhlaba obekelwe ukuhlaliswa kwabantu nasezidolophini usafana nowokuqala wenkulungwane, kuba eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokwakha yile modeli icwangcisiweyo. Kwaye umhlaba obekelwe ukulinywa uhlala ufana okanye ufana, nangona kunjalo, umhlaba obekelwe amahlathi unyukile. Kodwa hayi eSpain kuphela, kodwa nakwiYurophu iphela.
Umhlaba woyiswa kwakhona ngu amahlathi eSpain akhule ngama-20% kule minyaka ili-110 idlulileyo. Kungenxa yokuba iYurophu yaqala ukungenisa indawo enkulu yokutya kwayo, ukuze ukondla abemi bayo kungabi sabeka uxinzelelo kumhlaba wayo. Ixesha elingaphezulu, ezo zivuno zazingasafuneki zaba ngamadlelo kunye namahlathi.
Nangona into ekufuneka siyigcinile engqondweni yile asiyonto ilungileyo leyo. Lutshintsho nje ekusetyenzisweni komhlaba. Oku akuthethi nantoni na malunga nokuba indalo okanye impilo yamahlathi injani. Kungakho amahlathi amakhulu aneentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezahlukileyo okanye ahlupheke kusetyenziso lokuzonwabisa.
Iziphumo zokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi
Iziphumo eziphambili zokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi zicacile xa ujonga yonke into esithethile ngayo. Esona sisichaphazelayo kakhulu kukuba iyonyusa iflu greenhouse, kuba akukho mininzi imithi enokuthi ifunxe i-CO2 ekhutshiweyo kwaye ke inciphise inani leegesi ezisemoyeni. Oku kunegalelo kutshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokunyuka kwamaza kunye nokuqina kweziganeko zemozulu ezigqithileyo.
Sikwafumana utshintsho kusetyenziso lomhlaba. Iyantlukwano ekhoyo kwiindawo ezinamahlathi amakhulu iyachaphazeleka kukwahlulwa kwendalo kunye neendawo ezihlala kuzo. Oku kubangela ukwehla kweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana kunye nokuphela kwezilwanyana.
Njengoko ubona, iziphumo zokugawulwa kwamahlathi ehlabathini zenza umonakalo omkhulu kwaye kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba ulondoloze amahlathi ethu.
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