Kanye njengokuba kukho inkqubo yokugawulwa kwamahlathi apho ubuninzi behlathi bulahleka, sikwanayo ukutsalwa kwamahlathi. Yinkqubo yokutyala imithi ukuze kumiselwe indawo yorhwebo okanye kuthotywe umonakalo owenziwe kwindalo kwihlathi lendalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kugawulwa kwamahlathi kuhamba ngenkqubo yokubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili kunye nokubuyiselwa kwendawo yendalo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka.
Yintoni ukugawulwa kwamahlathi
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuthetha ukutyalwa kwemithi kwiindawo ebezingenamithi okanye ebezigawulwe ekuqaleni. Kwimeko yokugqibela, imisebenzi yokugawula amahlathi ibizwa ngokuthe ngqo ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi, oko kukuthi, ukutshintshwa kwamahlathi okanye amahlathi alahlekileyoNgumsebenzi omkhulu kwaye kuyafuneka ukuqonda imozulu kunye neemeko zomhlaba (umhlaba) zommandla oza kugalelwa amahlathi. Kukwabalulekile ukuqonda iimfuno zebhayoloji zeentlobo eziza kusetyenziselwa ukulima amahlathi.
Phakathi kweentlobo zokugawulwa kwamahlathi, eyona njongo iphambili yamasimi orhwebo luqoqosho, lulandelwa kukubuyiselwa nokubuyiselwa kwamahlathi. Ekubuyiseleni, injongo ephambili ixutywe (ukuveliswa kunye ne-ecology), ngelixa ukubuyisela, yindalo kuphela. Igama elithi afforestation lithetha isenzo sokudala ihlathi (ihlathi). Kwimeko nayiphi na into, eyenziwe lula kwifom elula, yisenzo sokudala okanye ukutshintshwa kwamahlathi kwindawo ethile.
Isenokuba ngummandla ongazange ube nehlathi, okanye ummandla owawungenahlathi kude kube kutshanje. Into yokuqala ekufuneka iqwalaselwe yinjongo ephambili ye ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, okunokuba kurhwebo, ukuxubana okanye indalo. Ngenxa yokuba kwimeko nganye, iindlela zokugawula amahlathi kunye nolawulo olulandelayo lwemimandla yamahlathi zahlukile.
Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
Elona tyala lilula kukusekwa kwamahlathi orhwebo ngenxa yokuba abandakanya inani elincinci leentlobo. Nangona iimeko zokubuyisela amahlathi endalo zifanelekile ukulawula iintlobo ezininzi kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo. Kumasimi orhwebo, eyona njongo iphambili kukuvelisa iinkuni nezinto eziphuma kuzo, ngelixa ukubuyisela kubuyisela iimpawu ze-ikholoji kunye neenkonzo ze-ikhosistim. Ngoko ke, okukhona intsonkothe ngakumbi ihlathi eliphambili, kokukhona intsonkothe ngakumbi yokubuyisela.
Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwindawo kufuneka kuqala kuqwalaselwe imozulu, iimeko zomhlaba, nonikezelo lwamanzi kuloo mmandla. Ezi zinto kufuneka zihambelane nazo iimfuno zebhayoloji zohlobo oluza kufakwa kumahlathi.
Kwelinye icala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba kusenokufuneka abantu babonelele ngezibonelelo. Oku kuquka ukutshintshwa kwamanzi kunye nezinye izinto, ukuphuculwa kobume bomhlaba ngokulima, ukuchumisa, nokuthintela izinambuzane nezifo.
Ukongeza, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokugawulwa kwamahlathi, imisebenzi ethile yolondolozo kunye nolawulo jikelele lwamasimi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, ezifana nokuthuthwa, ukufikeleleka kunye nezinye iinkonzo, ngakumbi ukuba ummandla oza kugaywa kwakhona unomsebenzi ovelisayo.
Iindlela eziphambili zokutyala amahlathi
Ubuchule bokugawulwa kwamahlathi bohlukene kwaye bohluka ngokweentlobo ezithile zokugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye neemfuno zeentlobo eziza kutyalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthetha ngokubanzi, kuyimfuneko ukufunda imozulu, umhlaba kunye neemeko ze-hydrological zaloo ndawo. Emva koko khetha uhlobo lokulima amahlathi.
Emva koko, i-nursery isekwa apho iintlobo ezikhethiweyo zisasazwa khona. Uhlobo ngalunye lusenokufuna iimeko ezithile zobugcisa kunye nokusingqongileyo ukuze luntshule kwaye luzinze kwindawo egcina abantwana. I-nursery kufuneka iqinisekise inani labantu abafunekayo kwiyunithi nganye yendawo yokutyala. Ngamanye amazwi, inani labantu kuhlobo ngalunye luxinaniso lokutyala oluchaziweyo.
Oku kuxinana kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zeentlobo kunye nenjongo yokugawulwa kwamahlathi. Umzekelo, ekubuyiselweni kwendalo, kubalulekile ukuvumela imithi ukuba ikhule ngokwendalo ngokwesakhono sayo. Kwamanye amasimi orhwebo, Kunokuba nomdla wokwandisa ubude ngakumbi kwaye unciphise ububanzi be-trunk. Kule meko, imithi iya kutyalwa ngokusondeleyo kunye.
Ukuba injongo kukubuyisela amahlathi anyulu (ukubuyiselwa kwezinto eziphilayo), qwalasela iindlela zokulawula ilifa. Izama ukuxelisa inkqubo yendalo yokubuyiselwa kwehlathi ngokulandelelana kwezityalo. Ngale ndlela, qala ngokuseka iintlobo zoovulindlela ezinokumelana imitha yelanga enkulu kwaye ubeke iziseko zezinye iintlobo ezifuna kakhulu. Emva koko misela ezi ntlobo zilandelayo ngokulandelelana kwendalo, njalo njalo, de kufike ukulingana kwasekuqaleni.
Iintlobo zokugawulwa kwamahlathi
Iindidi zokugawulwa kwamahlathi zihluke kakhulu, kuba uhlobo ngalunye okanye indibaniselwano yeentlobo zineemfuno zazo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi, kukho iindidi ezintlanu ezinokuqwalaselwa.
Ukutyalwa kwamahlathi okurhweba
Kukulinywa kwehlathi elidala elivelisa iinkuni kunye nezinto eziphuma kuzo, ukusuka kuhlobo lomthi omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Ngoko ke, nangona amahlathi alinyiweyo equka iintlobo ezingaphezu kwesinye, indawo nganye yehlathi okanye umhlaba wehlathi luhlobo olunye kuphela (uhlobo olunye kuphela).
Umzekelo oqhelekileyo wokukhula kwamahlathi anjalo liHlathi laseUverito eliseMesa de Guanipa kwimpuma yeVenezuela. Ekuqaleni yayilelona laphu lehlathi elenziweyo likhulu ehlabathini, kunye nommandla wezityalo oziihektare ezingama-600.000 zompayina weCaribbean (Pinus caribaea).
Umhlaba awakhayo yintlango engenamahlathi ngaphambili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iintlobo ezisetyenzisiweyo zaziswa (akusiyo impawu eqhelekileyo yendawo), ngoko ke isityalo sokwenziwa.
I-Agroforestry kunye ne-agrosilvostoral systems
Olunye uhlobo lokugawulwa kwamahlathi olukwasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezibalulekileyo zoqoqosho yi-agroforestry okanye i-agroforestry kunye neenkqubo zokufuywa kwezilwanyana. Kwimeko yokuqala, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kudityaniswa nemifuno okanye izityalo zombona nokuba bekukho ihlathi ngaphambili.
Kwezolimo, amahlathi kunye nemfuyo, ukutyalwa kwemithi, izityalo zonyaka okanye amadlelo, kunye nokulima kwemfuyo kuyahambelana.
Amahlathi atyalwe ngeenjongo zokusingqongileyo nezokuzonwabisa
Kwezinye iimeko, ukusekwa kwamasimi akusiyo imveliso yamahlathi, kodwa indalo engqongileyo. Umzekelo weenjongo zokuzonwabisa yiCentral Park eNew York, leyo Kubonakala ngathi ihlathi lendalo kwezinye iindawo, kodwa liyilwe ngenjongo.
Omnye umzekelo, kulo mzekelo, ngenjongo yokukhusela indalo, i-Great Green Wall yaseChina. Le yeyona projekthi inkulu ehlabathini lonke yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ngenjongo yokufikelela malunga nezikwekhilomitha ezingama-2.250.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye neempawu zawo.