Ngaphandle kwamahlathi, besingenamoya ococekileyo, amanzi acocekileyo, okanye ukutya okuninzi esixhomekeke kuko. Ngoko siyabulela. Noko ke, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuyanda, nto leyo ebeka esichengeni ubutyebi bendalo besi sijikelezi-langa kunye nenkqubo yendalo exhomekeke kuyo amandla aso okumelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Kuyimfuneko ukugxininisa i ukubaluleka kwamahlathi kwiplanethi yethu.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siya kuzinikela eli nqaku ukukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukwazi ngokubaluleka kwamahlathi, iimpawu zabo kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Igalelo lamahlathi kwiplanethi
Isijikelezi-langa siphelelwa yioksijini, amahlathi ethu ayafa kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ukusukela ngo-2020, i-Australia kuye kwafuneka ijongane namawakawaka omlilo obangelwa ngamaza obushushu achaphazelekileyo izilwanyana ezingaphezu kwewaka lezigidi kwaye zatshabalalisa ngaphezu kwe-6 yezigidi zeehektare zamahlathi ase-Australia. Ngo-2019, elona hlathi likhulu leetropiki emhlabeni liye lajika laba sisihogo sokwenyani, esinamadangatye anobundlobongela atshabalalisa amawaka eehektare zeAmazon, ethi ngokutsho kwezazinzulu inokuba ngumthombo wemithi yetropiki kunye nezilwanyana e-Afrika, ngenxa yobuthathaka bendalo. ekuthiwa ngamahlathi ehlabathi.
Eli qela liyanyamalala, ngaloo ndlela likhupha iitoni zekhabhoni ezifikelela kwiibhiliyoni ezili-140, nto leyo eya kubangela ukwanda okumangalisayo kobushushu behlabathi. Ukuququmbela, ukuhlala kwethu eMhlabeni kuya kuphela kuba asikaqondi ukubaluleka kwamahlathi.
Amahlathi zii-ikhosistim zemithi equlathe malunga ne-70% yezinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo zesijikelezi-langa. Abahlalutyi bakholelwa ukuba ekuqaleni komhlaba, umhlaba wethu wawuyi-80% yemithi, kodwa ubukho beentlobo zabantu buye benza ukuba le mithi iphele kwiminyaka. Amazinga aphakamileyo okugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokungekho mthethweni nobukho bemisebenzi yokugawula ngokungekho mthethweni zezinye zezinto ezibeka amanye amahlathi ashinyeneyo esisijikelezini esichengeni, zide zibangele ukunyamalala ngokupheleleyo kwamanye amahlathi.
Amahlathi anceda ukunciphisa imiphumo yokufudumala kwehlabathi, ngoko ke ngaphaya kokutyala umthi ngezikhathi ezithile, kuyaphuthuma ukuthatha amanyathelo okwazisa malunga namahlathi kunye nokubaluleka kokulondolozwa kwawo.
ukubaluleka kwamahlathi
Ukubaluleka kwamahlathi kulele kwinto yokuba:
- Enkosi kubo, inkqubo yokufunxa ikharbon diokside iyenzeka, nto leyo eyingozi kumzimba womntu.
- Imithi ivelisa ioksijini ekufuneka abantu bayiphefumle.
- Amahlathi asisiseko esisisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya.
- Yonke into iyityathanga, kwaye ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kubeka emngciphekweni iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezilapho.
- Amahlathi nawo anendima ebalulekileyo ekuzinziseni nasekukhuseleni kwiingozi zendalo, ekukhuseleni umhlaba, thintela ukudilika komhlaba ngokomeleza iingcambu zazo, uncede ukuthintela izikhukula, i-avalanche, amathambeka angazinzanga, i-rock slides., njl. ezinye izinto ezininzi zendalo.
- Balawula umjikelo wamanzi. Zisebenza njengezipontshi kwaye ngoko zivumela ukutshaja kwakhona kwe-aquifers, ekubeni amahlathi aphucula umgangatho wamanzi ngenxa ukunciphisa intlenga kunye neenkqubo ze-eutrophication.
- Zinceda ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lwengxolo.
- Imithi isinika umthunzi, nto leyo enceda ukugcina ukufuma.
- Amahlathi anobume belizwe, ummangaliso wendalo onceda ukukhuthaza ukhenketho.
Amahlathi nawo afaka isandla ekuphuhlisweni kwentlalo-ntle yelizwe, ukungenelela kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezifana nokuveliswa kwemfuyo, ukuzingela, ukuveliswa kobusi, iziqhamo, njl. Ukuba siyibeka ngamanani, sifumanisa ukuba a umthi oqhelekileyo othengiswa ngamaplanga unexabiso lemali malunga ne-600 yeedola. kodwa ukuba umthi ofanayo ugcinwa uphila, inzuzo ye-ecological malunga ne-200.000 yeedola, kuba kubukho bayo yonke inkqubo yokuveliswa kwe-oksijini. , ukunciphisa ukungcoliseka komoya, ukugcina nokuqinisekisa ukuchuma komhlaba, ukulawula ukukhukuliseka, ukujikeleza kwamanzi kunye nokulawula ukufuma, likhaya lezilwanyana zasendle kunye nomthombo weprotheni ogcina ubomi obuhamba ngokwemvelo.
Iinkonzo zokusingqongileyo kunye nezinto eziluncedo
Ngokubhekiselele kwipayina, abanye ababhali bayangqina ukuba kukho malunga neentlobo ezingama-50 zepayina, abanye banyusa inani ukuya kutsho ngaphezulu kwama-70, kodwa inye into ecacileyo kuzo zonke iingcali ngezityalo: IMexico inezona ntlobo zininzi zepayini kumbindi wehlabathi. Iipines eMexico zisasazwa kwimimandla emihlanu engundoqo, eyahlukileyo kuphela kwimimandla emithandathu echazwe yi-Eguiluz-Piedra (1985) ngokusekelwe kubukho bamaqela athile eentlobo.
Amaplanga axengaxengayo, athambileyo kulula ukusebenza ngawo, ngoko asetyenziselwa ukwenza ifanitshala, izindlu, neebhokisi zokupakisha iimpahla. Umgangatho ophezulu we-resin we-pine hardwood uvumela ukutsalwa okuchanekileyo kwe-resin, ethi ke icutshungulwe ibe yi-asphalt, i-turpentine, kunye ne-oyile.
awona mahlathi mahle ehlabathini
Amahlathi akasincedi nje kuphela ukuba siphefumle, sifake amanzi kwaye sizondle, sikwasikhuthaza ngobuhle bawo obungenakuthelekiswa nanto. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamahlathi ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nezityalo (ezinamagqabi, ezixubeneyo kunye ne-coniferous), imozulu (i-tropical, subtropical, temperate kunye ne-boreal) okanye iqondo lokungenelela kwabantu (abamandulo kunye ne-anthropogenic). Phakathi kwabo, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe "National Geographic" lukhethe eyona intle ehlabathini:
- Ipaki yase-Erawan (eThailand): Umbala wegolide wemithi kunye nezilwanyana ekwindla utsala ingqalelo: iintaka ezininzi, ii-squirrels ezindizayo kunye neenkawu zihlala apha.
- Ihlathi laseBroceliande (eFransi): Iihektare ezingama-7.000 kunye neminyaka engaphezu kwama-5.000 ubudala, njengoko kungqinwa zii-menhirs ezininzi ezithe saa kulo mmandla.
- Ihlathi laseSagano (eJapan): Ihlathi le-Bamboo elineentlobo ezingama-50 ezahlukeneyo, imizekelo ukuya kwi-20 yeemitha ukuphakama.
- IPaka yeSizwe yaseLos Glaciares (eArgentina): INdawo yeLifa leHlabathi ukusukela ngo-1987, la mahlathi e-lenga kunye ne-ñire ajikeleze imimangaliso yendalo efana nePerito Moreno.
- I-Kahurangi National Park (eNew Zealand): Amahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye namagqabi apho i-kiwis kunye neewickas zihlala phakathi kweefern zemithi, iibeche ezibomvu kunye nesundu se-nikau kunye nezinye iintlobo zezityalo.
- Ihlathi Elimnyama (eJamani): ibandakanya i-6.000 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha zamahlathi e-spruce, amadlelo, amachibi kunye needolophu ezincinci phakathi kweFreiburg neBasel.
- Ihlathi laseOntario (eKhanada): Isibhakabhaka esibomvu, i-orenji kunye ne-yellow kunye ne-accents eluhlaza, ebonakaliswa kumawaka amachibi kunye nemilambo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi ngokubaluleka kwamahlathi.