Abantu baneendlela ezininzi zokugcina amanzi anikezela, okunkcenkceshela, amashishini kunye nokunye ukusetyenziswa. Iseti yawo onke amanzi esiwagcinileyo ayaziwa njenge ugcino ngamanzi. Lo mthombo wamanzi wahlulwe ikakhulu phakathi kwamanzi aphezu komhlaba namanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Amanzi angaphezulu agcinwa kumadama nakwimigxobhozo nakumanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kwimithombo yasemanzini nakwimithombo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yeyiphi i-hydraulic reserve kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.
Yintoni ugcino lwe-hydraulic
Xa sihlalutya umjikelo wamanzi siyabona ukuba kukho ukungena nokuphuma kwawo. Ibhalansi iyonke kufuneka ibe nethemba kwaye sifuna ukugcina amanzi amaninzi. Kwisandle esinye, sinemithombo yokungena kwamanzi ngemvula nokuba yimvula okanye ngekhephu. Kwelinye icala, sinemithombo yokuphuma engumphunga kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi. Kukho imisebenzi emininzi yabantu efuna isixa esikhulu samanzi. Ke ngoko, kufuneka sigcine amanzi amaninzi kangangoko kumanzi aphezu komhlaba nasemanzini aphantsi komhlaba.
Iseti yawo onke amanzi agcinwa ngabantu ayaziwa njengendawo yokugcina amanzi. Lo myezo uxhomekeka kwimvula nakulondolozo lwendawo nganye.Amadama amancinci, amachibi kunye nemilambo kwaye isetyenziselwa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Enye yezinto ezisetyenziselwa amanzi zezolimo. Amanzi amaninzi avela emilanjeni, izikhongozeli neminye imithombo yamanzi asetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela izityalo.
Sikwanalo uhlobo lokugcina amanzi phantsi komhlaba. Iyahambelana nemithombo yamanzi amdaka. Le yimingxunya engaphantsi komhlaba apho isixa esikhulu samanzi sigcinwa phakathi kwamatye. La manzi anokukhutshwa ekudalweni kwemithombo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhupha amanzi. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-geomorphology ekhoyo kwindawo nganye, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ugcino lwe-hydraulic lusekwe ikakhulu kumanzi aphezu komhlaba okanye kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Kuxhomekeke kwimvula nakwimozulu esikuyo.
Ukuzama ukugcina amanzi kwimozulu eyomileyo akufani ne-rainier. Ulawulo lwamanzi kufuneka lwenziwe ngokwahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimimandla yeklimati. Ulawulo lwamanzi alufani kumazantsi eSpain njengasentla. Umazantsi weSpain uyoma kwaye unemozulu eyahlukileyo. Ke ngoko, kuyafuneka ukuba kulawulwe ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa ngendlela efanelekileyo kwamanzi.
Umphezulu wokugcina amanzi
Imigxobhozo
Indawo yokugcina amanzi yaseSpain yahlulwe yangamacangca nakwimigxobhozo. Eli gama lihlala lididekile njengoko zombini zibhekisa kwindawo yokugcina amanzi ngaphezulu. Umgxobhozo ngumhlaba wonke othathelwa ingqalelo ugcwele ngamanzi kunye nemithi kunye nohlaza lwasemanzini. Phantse kuyo nayiphi na indawo yehlabathi, ngaphandle kweAntarctica, kukho imigxobhozo. Zihlala zikwindawo ezisezantsi okanye kufutshane nemilambo okanye amachibi. Yeyona mithombo iphambili ekubonelela ngamanzi.
Phakathi kweempawu eziphambili zemigxobhozo sifumanisa ukuba zigutyungelwe ngamahlathi. Zihlala zizaliswe ngamanzi amileyo kwaye ubunzulu bamanzi bungekho nzulu. Eminye imigxobhozo ingaba ngamanzi amatsha, amtyuba, okanye ityuwa. Zihlala zifumaneka emhlabeni apho zihlala khona kwaye zibonakaliswa ikakhulu ngokuba nomhlaba wezimbiwa onamanzi amdaka. Imisele kukukwazi komhlaba ukufunxa amanzi. Umhlaba ongenamanzi oncomekayo uya kuthanda ukugcinwa kwamanzi angaphezulu komhlaba.
Umahluko okhoyo ikakhulu kumadama kukuba zizinto ezenziweyo ezinjengedama ukuze zikwazi ukugcina amanzi njengomthombo wamanzi. Umgxobhozo ayisiyo eyamanzi okanye indawo yokuhlala yasemhlabeni ngokupheleleyo, ngelixa isikhongozeli yindawo yendalo. Ubunzulu beekhonteyina buphezulu kakhulu, kuxhomekeke kumthamo ofanayo. Utyani olukhoyo kwizikhongozeli lincinci kakhulu kwaye umgangatho wamanzi wenza kubelula ukusela.
Amanzi omgxobhozo anoxinzelelo oluphezulu lweeminerali kunye nenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo. Le nto yezinto eziphilayo iyachithwa kwaye iyabola kwaye inceda ukuthintela ukufumba kwesixa esikhulu semathiriyeli. Imigxobhozo enxulunyaniswa nemilambo ixhomekeke kukwahluka kumgangatho wamanzi. Oku, kuxhomekeke kwimvula yonyaka kwindawo.
Amachibi
Idama lokugcina amanzi libala njengendawo yokugcina amanzi ukuze ibekho kwindawo leyo. Yakhiwe ngokungeyonyani kwaye eyona ixhaphakileyo kukuba ivala umlomo wentili ngokusebenzisa idama okanye idike. Kulapha apho kugcinwa khona amanzi omlambo, umlambo okanye aliqela. Ndiyabulela kulondolozo lwamanzi, kunokwenzeka ukubonelela ngeedolophu ezikufuphi, ukuvelisa umbane okanye ukunkcenkceshela umhlaba. Idama elinemisebenzi emininzi lilungiselelwe iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, inokusetyenziselwa ukuloba kwezemidlalo, imisebenzi yolonwabo kunye nokwenza umbane, ngaphandle kokubonelela kunye nokunkcenkceshela.
Xa sithetha ngokupakisha kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba zeziphi ezinye zeempawu ezisisiseko. Eyokuqala kukuhamba rhoqo. Ukuhamba kufuneka kungagungqi kwaye kube nokusetyenziswa okuphezulu. Inamanqanaba asezantsi, nalapho amanzi anokuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa. Emadamini kukho ulawulo oluqhubekayo lokwazi ubume bendawo yokugcina amanzi.
Ukuba imvula ebangela ukuba inqanaba lamanzi agciniweyo lifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu elivunyelweyo echibini, kuyakufuneka kuvulwe amasango okuphuma kwidama ukuze amanzi awele kumlambo wendalo. Oku kwenzelwa ukuthintela ukugqabhuka kwamadama kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho zezikhukula. Kwelinye icala, Xa i-hydraulic reserve yendawo iphantsi kakhulu, iya kuba kukuvunywa kwezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zembalela. Ezi zicwangciso zijongana nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukuze zikwazi ukujongana nemeko yokunqongophala kwamanzi. Kulapho imeko yengxamiseko ibhengezwa.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nendawo yokugcina amanzi kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.