Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma (ngakumbi iiplastiki) elwandle nakwiilwandle yingxaki enkulu yokusingqongileyo apho kungekho lwazi lungako okanye zininzi izinto ezenziwayo. Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zihlalutya iitoni zenkunkuma ngonyaka ezilahliweyo elwandle naselwandle, kwaye kubalwa nomonakalo abawenzayo kwizityalo nezilwanyana zaselwandle.
Ulwandle lweMeditera alubaleki ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kwenxalenye enkulu yenkunkuma emanzini alo. Kwenzeka ntoni kuyo yonke le nkunkuma?
Inkunkuma evela kuLwandle lweMeditera
KuLwandle lweMeditera kukho malunga nezigidi ezingama-62 zenkunkuma emanzini ayo. Ukusuka kwiingxowa zenkunkuma, kwizinto zokwakha, iiplastiki, ukupakisha, njl. Oku kubonisa isoyikiso esikhulu kwindalo yaselwandle nakubantu, kuba ubuninzi bezinyithi ezinzima bunokudluliselwa kwikhonkco lokutya.
Umbutho I-ecologistas en Acción wenze uphando ngenkunkuma yaselwandle, iiplastikhi kunye nemicroplastics ethoba isidima kwaye ichaphazele kakubi indalo yaselwandle. Olu phononongo lushwankathela ulwazi olunikelwe yi malunga neempapasho ezingama-300 zamazwe ngamazwe zenzululwazi.
Olu phononongo lubonisa idatha engakholelekiyo njengokuthi bangene elwandle minyaka le phakathi kwe-6,4 ne-8 yezigidi zeetoni ezintsha zenkunkuma. Phakathi kokuyilwa kwayo yonke le nkunkuma iphoselwe elwandle sifumanisa ukuba ama-80% yiplastiki. Phakathi kweeplastikhi sifumana i-microplastics ethi, ngenxa yobungakanani bayo obuncinci, ikwazi ukuhamba umgama omde kunye nokwanda ngaphezulu kwemimandla. Iingcali zendalo zilumkisa kwisishwankathelo sesifundo ukuba zikhona Ngaphezulu kweentlobo ezingama-690 zeentyatyambo nezilwanyana eziye zasebenzisana nenkunkuma yolwandle. Oku kubangela ukuba iintsalela zibandakanywe kwikhonkco le-trophic kwaye zifikelele ebantwini ekondliweni kweentlanzi.
Uninzi lwenkunkuma luvela emhlabeni
Ingxelo ithi kuyo yonke inkunkuma entsha engena elwandle unyaka nonyaka, I-80% yayo ivela emhlabeni. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukusuka kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi kunye nobukho bolunye uhlobo lweshishini okanye ukugcwaliswa komhlaba. Ekuqaleni kwezi zifundo, ezinye iibhloko zenkunkuma yaselwandle zafunyanwa ikakhulu elunxwemeni. Nangona kunjalo, kule minyaka idlulileyo, iziqithi ezikhulu zenkunkuma edadayo ziye zarekhodwa kulwandle oluvulekileyo nakumgangatho wolwandle.
Eli nani lenkunkuma lifunyenwe sele lixhalabisa indalo kunye nabantu. Microplastics ngamasuntswana ngaphantsi kweemilimitha ezintlanu ngobukhulu. I-ecologists kwi-Action ilumkisa ngobukho obuphezulu bezi microplastics ezivela kwiimveliso zezithambiso. Zigqitha kwiinkqubo zogutyulo zide ziye kungena elwandle naselwandle zize ziqokelele kwityathanga lokutya.
Kananjalo uninzi lwezi microplastics luvela ekuqhekekeni kwamalaphu okwenziwa (kwityesi enye anokuvelisa ngaphezu kwe-1.900 microplastic fibers) okanye ukuthotywa kweengxowa zeplastikhi zibe ngamasuntswana amancinci.
Ungcoliseko sisisongelo esikhulu
Kuhlala kusithiwa ingxaki yokuqala yokusingqongileyo imo iyatshintsha. Impembelelo yayo kwiplanethi ibaluleke kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki yongcoliseko yongeza kutshintsho lwemozulu kwaye iba enye yezona zisongelo zinkulu zehlabathi kule nkulungwane.
Ikwaqaqambisa ukuba kwezinye iimeko izinto eziphila elwandle azikhathazwa kukufa ngokuthe ngqo kungena kwiminatha yeplastiki, kodwa zichaphazeleka kakhulu kukonzakala okanye zizithintelo eziveliswa kukubanjwa.
Ukongeza, izazinzulu ngendalo ziqaphele ukuba ukungeniswa kwe-macroplastics kuye kwabhalwa kwinani lezinto eziphilayo, kubandakanya neentlobo zeentlanzi ezixabisekileyo ezifana neherring kunye ne-mackerel, ii-tunas zeMeditera kunye ne-Atlantic cod, apho ukudideka kwenkunkuma kukutya kunokubangela ukufa ngokuthe ngqo, okanye ichaphazele imizimba yakho ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Iminatha yokuloba engavumelekanga ingasetyenziselwa ukuqokelela izinto ezingenanto, kunye nokuhlonipha iintlanzi.
Emilonyeni yayo yonke imiwonyo nemisinga kufanele kubekho amadama okuqokelela onke amasalela xa kukho iindlela kwaye oomasipala bebeya kuba noxanduva lokuwalanda, ukuze babenakho ukwamkela ukungena kwamanzi kunye nokuthintela ukungena elwandle Umasipala ongentla kwelo jelo kufuneka abekhona amadama ukulungiselela ukungena kwamanzi, ukuwamisa kunye nokuqokelela yonke inkunkuma ephoswe kwimijelo kwaye kwangaxeshanye enze iinkampani ezenza isamente, igrabile kunye nesanti, ingqokelela izinto ezithi zibangele ukucocwa kwemijelo eyoneleyo yokulawula la manzi ngexabiso elincinci.