Scolopendra

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeqela lezilwanyana ezikwi-phylum ye-arthropods kwiiklasi ze-Chilopods nakwi-genus ye-myriapods. Imalunga ne- scopopendra. Ezi zilwanyana zibonakaliswa ikakhulu ngokuba nomzimba odandathekileyo kwinxalenye yangaphakathi ye-ventral kunye ne-eriyali. Zizinto ezinobungakanani obuncinci kwaye ziyaziwa ngamazinyo azo ukujoba intsholongwane.

Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu, indawo yokuhlala, ukondla nokuzala kwakhona kwescopopra.

Iimpawu eziphambili

I-scolopendra yi-myriapod eyenziwe ngokudakumba kwi-ventral dorsum kwaye inee-eriyali eziphakathi kwe-17 kunye ne-30 knuckles. Zineeperi zemilenze eziphakathi kwama-21 nama-23, phakathi kwazo okukhoyo uhlengahlengise isibini sokuqala njengamazinyo asebenzela ukujova ityhefu. Ezi zibini zibizwa ngokuba ngabakhweli. Ngokuqhelekileyo zincinci ngobukhulu, nangona zinokugqitha kwi-30 cm.

Zithathwa njengemihlathi ye-arthropods kwaye zinemihlathi enamazinyo kunye nama-mushroom. Inkqubo yokondla inezibini ezibini zemihlathi ekhonza ukondla. Imilenze yayo icacisiwe kwaye yenziwe kuphela lisebe elinye. Isibini sokuqala sokukhaba silungiswa njengeenzipho ezinetyhefu ezisetyenziselwa ukuzingela. Kwelinye icala, imilenze yomibini yokugqibela yeyona isebenza njengeziko elibuthathaka nelikhuselayo. Lide kunezinye kwaye awusebenzisi xa uskrola.

Ubungakanani be-scolopendra buyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo apho ikhula khona. EYurophu, owona mzekelo mkhulu unokufikelela kwiisentimitha ezili-17 ubude. Ngelixa iisampulu ezifumaneka kwiziqithi zeCaribbean zinokubuphinda kabini obu bude. Banenkqubo yokwetyisa egqibeleleyo. Kungenxa yokuba zinenkqubo yokwetyisa eqala emlonyeni ize iphelele kwi-anus. Le yenye yeempawu zeemirriodods. Inkqubo yokwetyisa yenziwe nge-foregut, midgut, kunye ne-hindgut.

Ngokubhekisele kwinkqubo yokuphefumla, banenkqubo yetracheal. Oku kuqhelekile phakathi kweChilopods. Kwindlela ye-scolopendras sine-stigmata yokuphefumla Bayakwazi ukunxibelelana nabangaphandle kwaye banomsebenzi wokuba nako ukuphefumla. La mabala aneetyhubhu ezininzi ezihamba emzimbeni wesilwanyana. Ezi tyhubhu zaziwa ngegama leetracheae kwaye zifumaneka kwiindonga ezifanayo eziveliswa kukutshintshiselana ngegesi.

Inkqubo ye-luvo indala kakhulu kuba ikuluhlobo lwe-ganglionic. Olu lolunye utshintsho olwenziwe amaqela kwiindawo ezithile ezinakho ukunxibelelana nenkqubo yokwetyisa. Banikwe amandla kwityathanga eliphakathi leemvakalelo elihamba ixesha elide kuwo wonke umzimba.

Indawo ye-scolopendra

Ezi zilwanyana zihamba ebusuku kwaye emini zihlala zifihle ematyholweni, ematyeni, kwiinkuni, emagqabini nasemingxunyeni yamatye. Ukuze benze umngxunya, bakha iigalari ngelixa zisemhlabeni. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni ezi zilwanyana zikhetha iindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu. Oku kufuma okuphezulu kunceda ukuba umhlaba uthambe kwaye ngenxa yoko banokumba ngokulula.

Ezi zilwanyana zinoluhlu olubanzi ukusuka kwiindawo eziyintlango ukuya kumahlathi e-coniferous. Iimpawu ezininzi zifumaneka kwimithi yeplatwood. Oko kukuthi, ezi zilwanyana zithathwa njengezinto eziphilayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho iisampuli ze-scolopendra kwihlabathi liphela. Uninzi lweentlobo lufumaneka kwiitropiki. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwezi ndawo kukho amanqanaba aphezulu aphezulu okufuma kunye nokuthamba komhlaba. Iindawo ekukuphela kwendawo esingafumani silwanyana kuzo kwiindawo ezibandayo.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho iintlobo ezithile ezinoluhlu olunomda ngakumbi. Kukho iintlobo ezithile ezinje nge I-Scolopendra pomacea que yaziwa kuphela kwezinye iindawo ezikumbindi weMexico. Abanye banendawo ebanzi yokuhanjiswa kuba banokufumaneka phantse kwihlabathi liphela.

Yondla ntoni i-scolopendra?

Ezi arthropods zizilwanyana ezidlayo. Elona xhoba lazo zezizinambuzane ezincinci ezinje nge lo ziibhabhathane, iintethe, amaphela, ooqongqothwane kunye nezinye izinto ezifana nezigcawu noonomadudwane. Nangona kungenjalo rhoqo, iinkumba kunye neentshulube zomhlaba zihlala ziyinxalenye yokutya kwabo.

Iindidi ezinkulu ze-scolopendra zinetyhefu enamandla kwaye zinokutya izilwanyana ezinkulu. Abanye babo batya amasele, amacikilishe, iimpuku, iintlobo ezithile zeentaka, nezinye iintlobo zeenyoka.

Ngokwenzululwazi, ukufumanisa ixhoba basebenzisa ii-eriyali zabo. Kukho abanye oososayensi abacinga ukuba ukuze babambe ixhoba basebenzisa imilenze yokugqibela esebenza njengelungu lemithambo-luvo. Esi sibini sokukhaba sixhobe kakhulu ngameva nezikhonkwane kwaye sisebenza ukutsala umzimba kwaye siqhubele abakhweli kuwo ukuze sibakhubaze okanye sibabulale. Nje ukuba i-scolopendra ibambe ixhoba layo, ifaka ityhefu kuyo. Kodwa ayilikhululi ixhoba lalo, kodwa liyigcina ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka ibambe imihlathi yayo yesibini kunye nezixhobo. Basebenzisa imihlathi xa bebonke kunye nemihlathi yokuqala ukuze bakwazi ukuphatha isidumbu ukuze basifunxe.

Ukuveliswa kwakhona

Ezi zilwanyana zinohlobo lokuzala. Ziyi-oviparous kunye nophuhliso oluthe ngqo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iqanda liqanduselwa ngendlela enika ulutsha oluneempawu ezifanayo nezomntu omdala kodwa njengokukhula okungakhuli komzimba ngokwesini kunye nobukhulu obuncinci. Amantshontsho aqanduselweyo ayakwazi ukuzimela ngokwawo ukusukela ngexesha aqanduselayo.

Abasetyhini bane-ovary enye kwaye ibekwe kwindawo yomqolo ngokubhekisele kwendlela yokugaya ukutya. Amadoda angabonisa amasende aliqela kwindawo yokuma ngasemva kwaye ngawona achitha iigetet kwisidoda esinye. Umfazi uqokelela i-spermatophore kwaye ayazise ekuvulekeni kwakhe kwilungu lobufazi kwi-spermatheca. Imazi idla ngokubeka amaqanda ali-15 kwindawo nganye. Isebenzisa ukhathalelo lwabazali kuphela kude kuqanduselwe.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga ne-escolopendra.