Entsha amandla ahlaziyekayo efakiweyo amandla iphawulwe entsha irekhodi ngo-2016, ine-161 gigawatts (GW) efakiweyo, oko kuthetha ukuba amandla ewonke ehlabathini lonke yanda Ngonyaka ophelileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2.017 gigawatts, akukho nto ingaphantsi.
Lo mthamo ufakelweyo ngu imelwe ikakhulu ngumbane welanga malunga ne-47%, ilandelwa ngumoya ngama-34% kunye ne-15,5% ye-hydraulic energy.
Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi azipheleli apha kwaye yile nto Amandla ahlaziyekayo aya kuba yeyona ndlela inexabiso eliphantsi.
Izivumelwano zamva nje zibeka Ixabiso lombane ohlaziyekayo kwi-0,05 yeedola ngeyure nganye, ixabiso elisezantsi kakhulu elilinganayo ne-fuel fuels kunye nokuveliswa kwenyukliya kwilizwe ngalinye elinemvumelwano ezinje ngeDenmark, Egypt, Mexico, India, Peru ...
La "Umthwalo osisiseko" kumandla enyukliya kunye namafutha eefossil ayizukuba yimfuneko ngokudityaniswa kwemilinganiselo emikhulu yokuveliswa kwamandla okoko nje kukho ukuguquguquka okwaneleyo kwinkqubo yombane, enokuthi ifezekiswe ngokudibana kwenethiwekhi, iinkqubo zokugcina, iimpompo zobushushu, izithuthi zombane, umanyano lwamacandelo kunye neetekhnoloji yezixhobo ezinje nge-ICT, njl.
Olu bhetyebhetye lunika ibhalansi kwisizukulwana esiguqukayo kananjalo yandisa inkqubo ukunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa.
Kunjalo ngoba inani lamazwe abaphethe ngempumelelo iincopho ezisondela okanye ezingaphezulu kwe-100% yokuveliswa kombane ngamandla ahlaziyekayo inyukile.
Kwelinye icala, enkosi ekukhuleni komthamo ofakiweyo kumandla ahlaziyekayo ukongeza ukwehla kwamalahle kunye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kwamandla, Ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 kwihlabathi liphela kwizibaso nakwimizi-mveliso kuye kwahlala kuzinzile kunyaka wesithathu ngokulandelelana, ngaphandle kokukhula kwe-3% kuqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye namandla ebango
Iindaba ezilungileyo
Ngo-2016 malunga 0,8GW, yomthamo omtsha wokugcina yaqaliswa kufezekiswa inani eliqikelelweyo le- 6,4GW ekupheleni konyaka ngenxa yezinto ezintsha kunye nezisombululo zetekhnoloji yokugcina ezibonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu kwinkqubo yombane.
Kwakhona, Iimarike ze-mini-grids kunye neenkqubo ezizimeleyo ziyavela ngokuxhuma kunye nemida kunye nePay-As-You-Go (PAYG) kwiimodeli zeshishini ziyachuma zixhaswa yitekhnoloji yeselfowuni.
Ngale nto singatsho ukuba iinkampani zelanga zePAYG ezine-3 yezigidi zeedola ngo-2012, zafikelela kwizigidi ezingama-223 ngo-2016.
Umongameli weREN21, UArthouros Zervos ithi: “Qho ngonyaka, ihlabathi longeza amandla ombane ahlaziyekayo xa kuthelekiswa nomthamo ongezelelweyo wazo zonke iifosili ezidityanisiweyo.
Esinye sezona zinto zibalulekileyo zifunyenwe kwi-GSR yalo nyaka kukuba iindlela zenkqubo kunye neendawo zonke zibalulekile kwaye kufanele ukuba zibe ngumgaqo ngaphandle kokukhetha. Njengokuba isabelo sezinto ezihlaziyekayo sikhula, siya kufuna utyalo-mali olukhulu kwiziseko zophuhliso, kunye neseti epheleleyo yezixhobo: uthungelwano oluhambisanayo nolunxibelelanisiweyo lothungelwano nosasazo; amanyathelo olungelelwaniso lonikezelo kunye nemfuno ukudityaniswa kwamacandelo (umzekelo, ukudityaniswa kombane kunye nothungelwano lwezothutho), kunye nokusetyenziswa kobubanzi beetekhnoloji zezixhobo ”.
Indaba ezimbi
Nangona kunjalo, ukufikelela kwiinjongo zesivumelwano seParis kuya kuba nzima kuba utshintsho lwamandla alwenzeki ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo.
Kwaye ngelixa utyalo-mali kumandla ahlaziyekayo kunye namandla amatsha ophethiloli aphindwe kabini kutyalo-mali kwii-fuels, Utyalomali kufakelo lwamandla amatsha oluhlaziyiweyo lwehle ngama-23% xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka wama-2015.
Ukutyala imali kumazwe asaphuhlayo nakwiimarike ezisakhulayo yawa 30% (116,6 yezigidigidi zeedola) nakwi amazwe aphuhlileyo awela nge-14% (Iibhiliyoni eziyi-125 zeedola).
Ngokufanayo, Utyalomali alutshintshi ikhosi kwaye bajolise kuphela kumandla elanga kunye nemimoya yomoya, befulathela konke okunye, okuyimfuneko ukufezekisa injongo yokugcina ubushushu behlabathi bungaphantsi kwe-2ºC.
Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji evuselelekayo kwicandelo lokufudumeza nokupholisa ukongeza kwezothutho isengumceli mngeni ngenxa yohlobo olwahlukileyo nokusasazwa kwale marike.
Ngokukwanjalo, kukwakho Iinkxaso-mali zepetroli ethintela inkqubela phambili njengoko beqhubeka nokusebenza ngokungaphaya kwabo banikwe amandla ahlaziyekayo.
Ngo-2014, umlinganiselo phakathi Inkxaso-mali ye-fossil fuel kunye nenkxaso yamandla ahlaziyiweyo yayingu-4: 1. Kwidola nganye echithwe kwizinto ezinokuhlaziywa, oorhulumente bachitha iidola ezi-4 ezanceda ukuqhubela phambili kokuxhomekeka kwizibaso.
UChristine Lins, unobhala olawulayo weREN21, uyacacisa: “Ihlabathi likugqatso oluchasene nexesha. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu esinokuyenza ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ngokukhawuleza kwaye eyona ndlela ineendleko kakhulu kukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle nokukhawulezisa utyalo-mali ekusebenzeni kwamandla kunye namandla ahlaziyekayo. Xa i-China yazisa ngoJanuwari ukuba icima ngaphezulu kwe-100 yezityalo zamalahle ezaziphantsi kophuhliso, i-China yabeka umzekelo kubo bonke oorhulumente behlabathi. Utshintsho lunokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza xa oorhulumente begqiba ekubeni bathathe amanyathelo kwaye babeke imigaqo-nkqubo yexesha elide, kunye neempawu zemali kunye nezinto ezikhuthazayo. ”