La iifotonics yinzululwazi nobugcisa bokuvelisa, ukulawula, nokufumanisa iifotoni, ezingamasuntswana okukhanya. Iifotoni zixhasa itekhnoloji yobomi bemihla ngemihla, ukusuka kwii-smartphones ukuya kwiilaptops, i-Intanethi, izixhobo zonyango, kunye netekhnoloji yokukhanyisa. Inkulungwane yama-XNUMX iya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwiifotonics njengenkulungwane yama-XNUMX kwizinto zombane.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuba uyazi malunga neefotonics, iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka.
yintoni ifotonics
Ifotonics yinzululwazi yokukhanya. Ithekhnoloji yokuvelisa, ukulawula kunye nokufumanisa amaza okukhanya kunye neefotoni, eziziincinci zokukhanya. Iimpawu zamaza kunye iiphoton zinokusetyenziselwa ukuhlola indalo, ukunyanga izifo kwanokucombulula ulwaphulo-mthetho. Oosonzululwazi bebefunda ukukhanya kangangamakhulu eminyaka. Imibala yomnyama yinxalenye nje encinane yalo lonke uluhlu lwamaza okukhanya, abizwa ngokuba yi-electromagnetic spectrum. I-Photonics iphonononga uluhlu olubanzi lwamaza amaza emitha ye-gamma yerediyo, kubandakanya i-X-reyi, i-ultraviolet, kunye ne-infrared.
Kwaba ngenkulungwane ye-1960 awathi uMhlekazi uIsaac Newton wabonisa ukuba ukukhanya okumhlophe kuyilwa nemibala eyahlukeneyo yokukhanya. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, uMax Planck noAlbert Einstein kamva bacebisa ukuba ukukhanya kukwaliza kunye nesuntswana, ingcamango eyayiphikiswana kakhulu ngelo xesha. Ukukhanya kunokuba zizinto ezimbini ezihluke ngokupheleleyo ngaxeshanye? Iimvavanyo zamva zaqinisekisa obu bunye bokukhanya. Igama elithi photonics lavela malunga ne-XNUMX, xa uTheodore Maiman wayeyila i-laser.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Nangona kunjalo Asikwazi ukubona yonke i-electromagnetic spectrum, amaza okukhanya abonakalayo nangabonakaliyo ayinxalenye yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Iifotoni zikho kuyo yonke indawo; kwizinto zombane zabathengi (ibar code scanners, DVD player, TV remote controls), unxibelelwano (i-intanethi), impilo (utyando lwamehlo, izixhobo zonyango), ukuvelisa (ukusika i-laser kunye nomatshini), ukukhusela kunye nokhuseleko (ikhamera ye-infrared, i-remote sensing), ukuzonwabisa (iholografi, imiboniso ye-laser), njl.
Ehlabathini lonke, izazinzulu, iinjineli, kunye neechwephesha ziqhuba uphando olukwinqanaba eliphezulu kwicandelo leefotonic. Inzululwazi yokukhanya ikwafundiswa ngenkuthalo kumagumbi okufundela nakwiimyuziyam, apho ootitshala nabafundisi babelana ngokuthanda kwabo icandelo nabantu abatsha kunye noluntu. Ifotonics ivula ilizwe elingaziwayo nelifikelelekayo lamathuba, isikelwe umda kuphela kukungakwazi ukucinga.
Ukubaluleka kweefotonics
Iifotoni zifumaneka kwiikhamera zedijithali nakwizikrini zee-smartphones zethu kwaye zibalulekile ekwenzeni iisekethe ezidibeneyo ezizibumbayo. Ngaphaya koko, intetho kunye nedatha esiyithumelayo kunye nesiyifumanayo ngee-smartphones zethu ziguqulwa zibe ziindawo zokukhanya ngothungelwano lwefiber optic engaphantsi komhlaba, njenge. imibhalo, umculo, imifanekiso kunye neevidiyo ezifikelela kwizixhobo zethu xa sijonga iwebhu. Kutheni usebenzisa ukukhanya? Kuba ukuthumela ulwazi ngayo yeyona nto ikhawulezayo, ethembekileyo nesebenzayo esinayo
Kwelinye icala, ukukhanya okwenziwayo kunokwandisa ubude bemini, kuyisebenzisele imisebenzi yokuzonwabisa nemveliso nokubonelela ngokhuseleko olukhulu. Itekhnoloji yokukhanyisa ayikayeki ukuguquka, ekufuneni iinkqubo zokukhanyisa ezisebenzayo, eziguquguqukayo, ezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo, sahamba kwiikhandlela ukuya kwii-LED.
Asizange nanini na ngaphambili sibe nomthombo wokukhanya osebenza ngolu hlobo, onemibala eyahlukahlukeneyo, ukuqina, yomelele kwaye ihlala ixesha elide. Ii-LED zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizibane zendlela, izibane zemoto kunye nasemakhaya, nazo ziyakwazi ukucima kunye nokucima ixesha elifutshane, elingabonakali kwiliso lomntu, eliya kuvumela iinkqubo zethu zokukhanyisa ukuba zisikhonze ngaxeshanye iminyaka emininzi Ukukhanyisa kunye noqhagamshelo lwe-Intanethi lubonelelwa. Obu buchwepheshe buvelayo bubizwa ngokuba yiLi-Fi.
Izinzuzo
Ngoncedo lokukhanya, ubude, ubushushu, i-deformation, imilo ye-three-dimensional yezinto kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi eziguquguqukayo, imilinganiselo inokwenziwa ngokuchaneka okungahambelaniyo kunye nangendlela engabonakaliyo. Ukukhanya kunokusinika ulwazi malunga nento ekukhuphayo kunye nendlela ehamba ngayo.
Ke ngoko, sinokuyisebenzisa ukuphonononga kunye nokuqonda indalo iphela, ukubona ubukho bokungcola, siqinisekise umgangatho wokutya kunye neziselo, ubutyhefu bezinto ezithile, njl. Ukukhanya kungasetyenziselwa ukulungisa iingxaki zombono ebantwini, ukutshabalalisa amathumba emzimbeni ngendlela engaphantsi kakhulu kwaye ibuhlungu kakhulu, ukuxilonga izifo ezithile kwisigaba sokuqala kwaye unikeze unyango olusebenzayo olutshabalalisa izilonda ngaphandle kokonakalisa umbutho wezicubu eziphilileyo.
Iifotoni zisetyenziswa kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla: abafundi bebhakhowudi kwiivenkile ezinkulu, iiDVD player, izikrini zikamabonakude kunye nolawulo olukude kumakhaya ethu, iiprojektha kunye neenkqubo zokucupha iividiyo kwiicinema, njl. Ubhaqo olwenziwa ngomgunyathi, ezolimo, izivamvo, umbono owenziweyo, iimicroscopes, iiteleskopu, iilaser, ishishini lemoto, Uluhlu lwezicelo lubanzi kangangokuba kusekho izinto ezintsha ezininzi ezizayo.
Esi siganeko siye sabanjwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini ukususela ngo-2014 kwaye iinkampani ezininzi, amaziko ophando, amaziko emfundo kunye nemibutho ebandakanyekayo kwiifotonics ezivela kwihlabathi lonke ziya kukukhuthaza ukubaluleka kwayo kuluntu. Lo mhla wakhethwa ngenxa yokuba ngo-Oktobha 21, 1983, iNkomfa Jikelele yeZisindo kunye neMilinganiselo yamkela ixabiso elingaguqukiyo. Iikhilomitha ezingama-299.792,458 ngesekhondi ngesantya sokukhanya kwivacuum.
Amazwe aphuhlileyo ayaqonda ukuba iifotonics ziya kudlala indima enkulu kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Idatha ibonisa ukuba imarike yeefotonic zehlabathi ifikeleleke I-350 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-000 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba inyuke iye kwi-2011 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-615.. I-EU iqwalasela i-photonics edibeneyo kunye ne-microelectronics kunye ne-nanoelectronics, i-nanotechnology, i-biotechnology, izinto eziphambili kunye neteknoloji yokuvelisa njenge 'teknoloji engundoqo', ethe tye, isetyenziswe kwinani elikhulu lamashishini, ikhuthaza ukutsha kunye negalelo kuluntu olukhulu. imingeni ibonelela ngezisombululo. Ezi teknoloji zibalulekileyo ziya kunika amazwe kunye nemimandla ephuhlisayo kwaye isebenzise indima yobunkokeli ekudaleni uqoqosho oluqhubela phambili, oluzinzileyo kunye noqoqosho oluluhlaza.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neefotonics kunye neempawu zayo.