Eyona njongo yolondolozo lwezolimo kukulima umhlaba ngokuhlonipha i-ecosystem yendalo kunye nokuphila kwayo. Kulo mmandla ubanzi wophando othe wavela njengempendulo kuphuhliso olunzulu kunye nefuthe layo lokusingqongileyo, kukho imifuziselo emininzi yokuvelisa ngenye indlela kwaye ngokuzinzileyo: ukulima ngendalo, ulimo lwebiodynamic, ezolimo ezihlangeneyo kunye nezolimo. inkqubo yokutya.
Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha malunga nokuba yintoni i-permaculture, zithini iimpawu zayo, iinzuzo kunye nokubaluleka.
Yintoni i-permaculture
I-Permaculture yinkqubo esekelwe kumgaqo oqinileyo: ukuyila iifama ngendlela ehlonipha i-ikhosistim yendalo. Igama elithi permaculture, elibandakanya amagama esiNgesi isigxina kunye nenkcubeko, liyichaza kakuhle le filosofi kunye nefuthe layo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zentlalo. ngaphaya kophuhliso lwezolimo ngokwalo, olufana noyilo, ubunjineli, ulawulo lwezibonelelo, njl. Yindaleko yegama eliphambili kunye nelokuqala: i-permaculture.
I-Permaculture izinzile, iyasebenza kwaye iyasebenza kuba ifuna unxulumano oluphantse lube yi-symbiotic phakathi komlimi nomhlaba. Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka unamathele kwiseti yemigaqo ukuze usebenze ngempumelelo imodeli, eminye yayo zezi:
- Jonga indalo kwaye ufunde indlela eziziphatha ngayo.
- Fumana amandla ahlaziyekayo kwaye uwagcine.
- Ukuvelisa iziqhamo ngokuzinzileyo.
- Yenza inkcitho encinci.
Iinzuzo zepermaculture
I-Permaculture ke ngoko ineenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ngaphezu kweminye imifuziselo yophuhliso lwemimandla kwaye ibonakaliswa ngu zigcineke, zisebenze kwaye zisebenze kakuhle:
- Enye indlela kwezolimo lwemizi-mveliso
- Ivumela ubunini obusisigxina bomhlaba olimekayo
- Ukubuyiselwa kwemihlaba eyonakeleyo
- Ukunciphisa ungcoliseko
- Ukuvelisa ukutya okuvela kwindalo okunempilo
- Iququzelela ukutshalwa kwamahlathi, intsebenziswano, ukuzimela kunye nomanyano phakathi kwamafama
- Icebisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle komoya, amanzi, umhlaba...
Imbali ethile
Ngasekupheleni kwee-1920s, uJoseph Russell Smith waqamba igama elithi "permaculture" kwincwadi malunga nokutyalwa kwemithi, ecebisa ukuzama ukuyidibanisa nezinye izityalo. Eli nyathelo lokuqala likhuthaze amafama amaninzi aqala ukuwenza naseJapan. njengoToyohiko Kagawa, owaba nguvulindlela eJapan kangangeminyaka elishumi eyalandelayo. Olu papasho luphinde lwavusa uphando olutsha malunga neenzuzo zalo kunikezelo lwamanzi nolawulo lokuhanjiswa kwamanzi.
Kodwa akuzange kube ngowe-1970 apho i-permaculture yaqhuma. Wakwenza e-Australia, apho uGqr. Bill Morrison kunye noDavid Holmgren baphuhlisa ingcamango yabo yenkqubo yezolimo ukuchasana neendlela ezinobundlobongela ezisungulwe emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ukusukela ngoko, iimbono zakhe zibonakaliswe kwiincwadana ezininzi, ukwandisa kunye nokuvelisa ingxoxo edingeka kakhulu kwicandelo lezolimo.
I-Permaculture ngumzekelo wendlela abantu abaphila ngayo ngokuvisisana ngokugqibeleleyo nendalo engqongileyo, ukuyihlonipha kunye nokusebenzisana nayo ekuveliseni ukutya. Lo mgaqo wokuziphatha osebenzayo wendalo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kubaluleke kakhulu.
iziseko eziphambili
Iinjongo ezilandelwa yi-permaculture zinokufezekiswa ngokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwabantu kwiinkqubo eziphelisa izixhobo ezikhoyo. ingcamango engundoqo Yintsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu, ukudityaniswa kwembonakalo-mhlaba kunye nokusingqongileyo, ngaphaya kombono wokhuphiswano.
Ngokweeparamitha ze-permaculture, ukuzinza kwenkqubo kulinganiswa malunga nokuba ivelisa amandla amaninzi kunokuba idla, kwaye igcina ibhalansi malunga nokudalwa kwehlathi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe, kunye nokuveliswa kwezondlo.
Ngokusisiseko, permaculture luzinzo, indlela yokuphila kunye nokuziva indalo esingqongileyo, ukubuyisela ukuguga okuveliswe yindalo, kunye nokuvelisa izixhobo ngendlela ezinzileyo ukuze kuphunyezwe uluntu kunye neplanethi esihlala kuyo ukuze kuzuze ngokufanayo.
Ngokwale ngcamango, i-permaculture inokwenziwa naphi na kwaye nangaliphi na ixesha ezixekweni nasezidolophini, ukusuka kumabhoma amancinane ukuya kumasimi amakhulu. Undoqo kukuthabatha uxanduva. Ezinje ngeebhalkhoni, iipatios, iifestile, kodwa namaqela entshukumo yophuhliso, ookopolotyeni babathengi, ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, imibutho okanye amaqela. ukusebenzisa umhlaba ongenamntu, ukutyala imithi kunye nezityalo ezahlukeneyo, njl. Ukudala kunye nokucinga kunokuphuhlisa i-permaculture phantse ngeendlela ezingenasiphelo.
edge isiphumo
Enye ingcamango ye-permaculture yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi "edge effect". Sisiphumo sokudityaniswa kweemeko ezingqongileyo ezichaseneyo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo enye.. Kukholelwa ukuba kulapho izichasi zidibana khona apho kuvela khona imveliso emandla. Umzekelo lunxweme. Ngesi sizathu, kuqhelekile ukwenza i-spirals kwizitiya zemifuno okanye ukubuyisela unxweme olungagungqiyo kumachibi, kunezangqa zemveli okanye ii-ovals.
Permaculture ehlabathini
Iiprojekthi ze-Permaculture zisasazwa kulo lonke ihlabathi, kwaye amazwe angaphezu kwe-120 aphuhlisa imizekelo yezicwangciso zezenzo zophuhliso oluzinzileyo ezijolise ekukhuthazeni ukuzinikela kwentlalo kunye nokwanda kwengqondo ye-ecological. Uncedo lweemveliso ze-organic lunegalelo kuphuhliso lwe-permaculture.
Ukongezwa kwezi xabiso, Inethiwekhi yoluntu kunye neeforamu kwi-Intanethi sisixhobo esibonelela ngamathuba amaninzi, phakathi kwabo ukubunjwa kwamaqela ezenzo, inkuthazo yesenzo, ulwazi lwezimvo, uncedo, iintsingiselo, iindaba, njl.
Ukudala simahla. Ukusuka ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona, ukuqokelela kunye nokugcina amanzi, ukuqokelela amanzi kwikhephu, amanzi emvula, ukubuyiswa kokusetyenziswa kunye nezithethe zolimo lwemveli, ezifana namaqula, njl. Iimveliso ezinokuvelisa ixabiso elihle kwi-permaculture zinokuvela kwizinto ezininzi, ukusuka kumakhowa angakhula kumhlaba ongenanto, ifenitshala ye-rustic, ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle kumandla okushisa, ukuphuculwa kwezityalo ezidliwayo ezingaqhelekanga, ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ze-phytosanitary, njl.
Kwicandelo lamandla, amandla omoya asetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, ngelixa amandla elanga angabanjwa kwiipaneli ze-photovoltaic phezu kophahla lwezindlu okanye kwiziseko zephaneli kwiindawo ezingenakulinywa. Kwimveliso yamandla ashushu, ngaphezu kwamalahle, njengoko sibonile, i-biomass evela kwimithi, imbewu yomnquma, ukugaya iinkuni kusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo, njl. Ngamafutha endalo anexabiso eliphezulu le-calorific, enokuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye ihlonipheke ngokusingqongileyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni i-permaculture kunye neempawu zayo.