Kwilizwe lamandla ahlaziyekayo, amandla elanga kunye nomoya ngokungathandabuzekiyo ame ngaphandle. Eyokuqala inezinto ezibizwa ngokuba ziipaneli zelanga ezikwaziyo ukubamba imitha yelanga ziyiguqule ibe ngamandla ombane. Eyesibini isebenzisa oko kubizwa ngokuba ziinjini zomoya ukuguqula amandla omoya anawo abe ngumbane.
Iinjini zomoya zizixhobo ezintsonkothileyo ezifuna ukuba isifundo sangaphambili sibe nenzuzo kwaye sisebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ukongeza, kukho iindidi ezininzi zeeinjini zomoya namandla omoya. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi yonke into enxulumene neeinjini zomoya?
Iimpawu zomoya ovuthuzayo
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, injini yomoya sisixhobo esikwaziyo ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic omoya abe ngamandla ombane. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa iincakuba ezijikelezayo phakathi kwe-13 kunye ne-20 inguquko ngomzuzu. Uhlaziyo olunokujikeleza iincakuba luxhomekeka kakhulu kuhlobo lwetekhnoloji esetyenzisiweyo kulwakhiwo lwazo kunye namandla omoya ahamba nawo ngalo mzuzu. Ngokwesiqhelo, iincakuba ezakhiwe ngezinto ezilula ziyakwazi ukujika amaxesha ngaphezulu ngomzuzu.
Njengoko iincakuba zifumana isantya esingaphezulu, Umthamo omkhulu wamandla ombane unako ukuvelisa kwaye ke ukusebenza kwayo kuphezulu. Ukuze i-injini yomoya iqale, kufuneka amandla ancedisayo anikezelweyo ukuqala intshukumo yawo. Emva koko, xa sele iqalile, ngumoya onoxanduva lokuhambisa iincakuba.
Iinjini zomoya zine isiqingatha sobomi esingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25. Nangona iindleko zayo zokufaka kunye notyalo-mali lwangaphambili ziphezulu, njengoko zinobomi obude obude, zinokuhlawulwa ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye zifumane izibonelelo zoqoqosho, ngelixa zinciphisa ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwizinto ezikhutshwa zii-greenhouse gases eziveliswa zizibaso.
Njengoko itekhnoloji inyuka, ukuvela kweinjini yomoya kuyivumela ukuba ibe nobomi obude obuluncedo, kwaye ikwazi ukuvelisa amandla ombane ngakumbi kwaye ikwazi ukuzibeka kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo.
Ukusebenza
Iinjini yomoya kuthiwa iyakwazi ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic omoya abe ngamandla ombane. Nangona kunjalo, ingaba ikwazi njani ukuvelisa amandla? Iinjini yomoya iyakwazi ukuvelisa umbane kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo.
- Ukuqhelaniswa ngokuzenzekelayo. Eli linqanaba lokuqala apho i-injini yomoya iqala ukusebenza. Iyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nayo ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze izisebenzise ngokupheleleyo kumandla abonelelwa ngumoya. Oku kuyaziwa ngenxa yedatha erekhodwe yimimoya yomoya kunye ne-anemometer abaye bayifaka kwinxalenye yabo ephezulu. Banalo iqonga elijikeleza kwisithsaba esiphelweni senqaba.
- Ukujika kweblade. Umoya uqalisa ukujika iincakuba. Ukuze oku kwenzeke, isantya sayo kufuneka sibe malunga ne-3,5 m / s. Amandla aphezulu afunekayo ukulungiselela ukwenziwa kombane kwenzeka xa umoya unesantya se-11 m / s. Ukuba umoya ovuthuzayo ungaphezulu kwe-25 m / s, iincakuba zibekwe zikwimo yeflegi ukuze iiturbine zomoya ziqhekeze, oko ke kuthintele uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo.
- Ukuphindaphinda. Yijikeleza ejika ishafti ecothayo ekwaziyo ukuphakamisa isantya sokujika ukusuka kumjikelezo we-13 ngomzuzu ukuya kwi-1.500.
- Isizukulwana. Ndiyabulela kwesi siphindaphindo sonyusa ukujikeleza ngomzuzu, amandla aso anokugqithiselwa kumvelisi awudibanisileyo, ngaloo ndlela uvelise umbane.
- Ukufuduka. Amandla ombane aveliswayo aqhutywa ngaphakathi kwinqaba ukuya kwisiseko. Nje ukuba iqhutyelwe apho, iya emgceni ongaphantsi komhlaba ukuya kwisitishi apho iivolthi zayo zikhula ngokwaneleyo ukuba zingene kwinethiwekhi yombane kwaye zisasaze kwezinye iindawo zokusebenzisa.
- Ukubeka iliso. Ngawo onke amanye amanqanaba okuveliswa kwamandla ukuba enziwe ngokuchanekileyo, inkqubo yokubeka iliso kunye nokujonga iyafuneka ngokuqhubekayo. Imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yeinjini yomoya ibekwe esweni kwaye ijongiwe kwisikhululo nakwiziko lolawulo. Siyabulela oku, nasiphi na isiganeko ekusebenzeni kwefama yomoya sinokufunyanwa kwaye sisonjululwe.
Iindidi zeeinjini zomoya
Zimbini iindidi zomoya oomatshini bomoya abaxhomekeke ekusebenziseni nasekuveliseni amandla. Ixesha langaphambili lixhomekeke kwi-axis ye-Rotor (ethe nkqo okanye ethe tye) kunye nakokugqibela kumandla abonelelweyo.
Ngokutsho kwe-axis axis
I-axis ethe nkqo
Ezona zinto ziluncedo ziphambili kolu hlobo lomoya wee turbine kukuba awudingi isigaba sokuziqhelanisa esizenzekelayo Ukongamela yonke into. Ukongeza, izinto zayo ezinje ngomvelisi kunye nokuphindaphindeka kufakelwe ukugungxula kunye nomhlaba, oko kukhokelela kuphuculo olukhulu lweemeko zolondolozo kunye nokwehliswa kweendleko zokuhlangana.
Kwizinto ezingalunganga sifumanisa ukuba banazo ukusebenza okuncinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo kunye nemfuno yayo yeenkqubo zangaphandle ezisebenza njengesiqalo seebhleyidi. Ukongeza, xa iRotor kufuneka idityaniswe kulondolozo, bonke oomatshini beinjini yomoya kufuneka badilizwe.
I-axis ethe tye
Uninzi lweeinjini zomoya ezakhelwe ukudibanisa kuthungelwano lombane zinamacala amathathu kunye ne-axis ethe tyaba. Ezi turbines zomoya zinazo ukusebenza ngakumbi kwaye ufezekise isantya esijikelezayo esiphezulu ngomzuzu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ufuna ukuphinda-phinda okuncinci. Ukongeza, enkosi kulwakhiwo lwayo oluphezulu, iyakwazi ukuthatha ithuba elingcono ngamandla omoya ekuphakameni.
Ngokwamandla ebonelelweyo
Kuxhomekeke kumandla abonelelayo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeeinjini zomoya. Eyokuqala izixhobo zamandla asezantsi. Banxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kwamandla oomatshini, njengokumpompa amanzi, kunye Bayakwazi ukubonelela ngamandla malunga ne-50Kw. Ezinye iintlobo zezixhobo zinokusetyenziselwa ukwandisa amandla apheleleyo anikezelweyo. Namhlanje zisetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla weenkqubo zoomatshini okanye izixhobo zombane ezizodwa.
Izixhobo zamandla aphakathi. Le yimizuzwana kwaye ikhona Uluhlu lwemveliso malunga ne-150Kw. Azisoloko zixhunyiwe kwiibhetri, kodwa zikunethiwekhi yombane.
Okokugqibela, izixhobo ezinamandla amakhulu zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla ombane ngentengiso kwaye idityaniswe kwigridi nakumaqela. Imveliso yayo ifikelela kwiigigawatts.
Ngolu lwazi ungafunda okuninzi malunga neeinjini zomoya kunye nokusebenza kwazo.