Iifungi zizinto eziphilayo zobukumkani beFungi. Ziqulathe iiseli ezifanayo kakhulu nezo zezilwanyana kodwa zineempawu ezithile ezahlukileyo. Banokuba ziiseli ezingafaniyo okanye iiseli ezininzi. Inkqubo ye- morphology yomngundo inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo esilucazululayo. Kobu bukumkani befungus zonke izinto ezinodonga lweseli ezenziwe ngento eyaziwa njengechitin zihlelwa. Ngokukodwa banendlela yobomi ye-saprophytic oko kuthetha ukuba bondla kwizinto ezibolayo zezinto eziphilayo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, indlela yokuphila kunye ne-morphology yefungi.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ezinye zefungi zabelana ngeempawu ezininzi nezilwanyana kunye nezityalo, kodwa zingamaqela ahlukileyo kakhulu ezintweni eziphilayo. Into yokuqala esicinga ngayo xa silungelelanisa amakhowa ngamakhowa akudala. Nangona kunjalo, Amakhowa yenye yeentlobo ezininzi zamakhowa ezikhoyo. Kukho ukwahluka okungaqhelekanga kweemilo, ubukhulu kunye nemibala kwaye nganye yazo ineempawu ezahlukeneyo.
I-morphology yefungi yaziwa ngokuba yenziwe yi-mycelium enemicu emide ebizwa ngokuba yi-hyphae edityanisiweyo. Ezi hyphae zinokujongwa ngemicroscope kwaye ukungunda kuzisebenzise ukuze zikwazi ukunamathela nokusasazeka kuzo zonke iindawo apho zikhula khona. Into esiyaziyo ngokubanzi njengefungus yimizimba yeziqhamo kuphela yezinye iintlobo. Kukumizimba yeziqhamo ezinye izinto ezinokukhula kwaye zivelise kwakhona iipropathi zokuvelisa ngesondo. Amakhowa okwenyani okuthethileyo makhulu kakhulu kunomzimba ovelisa iziqhamo kuba uhlala uhanjiswa phantsi komhlaba.
I-morphology yamakhowa
Iifungi zihlala zihlelwa kwii-macromycetes kunye nee-micromycetes. Olu luhlu luyi-taxonomic kwaye lusetyenziselwa ukwahlula ezo fungi zineempawu ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sibone ukuba ziziphi iimpawu zazo nganye:
Macromycetes
Bona zezona zakudala zidumileyo zinemilo yomnqwazi eqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, kweli qela sifumana amakhowa. Kukwakho konke ukungunda esikubonayo kwimihlaba eyahlukeneyo yamahlathi. Ezi zine-morphology ebonakalayo ephuhlisa umzimba onesiqhamo ngaphandle kolunye uhlobo lokwanda. Olu lwakhiwo lomzimba weziqhamo luchazwa ngala macandelo alandelayo:
- IPileus: iba ngumnqwazi okanye icandelo eliphezulu lomzimba onesiqhamo.
- Isiqu: Ayisosiqu esifana nesityalo esiqhelekileyo. Isiqu sibhekisa kwisiseko somzimba onesiqhamo onoxanduva lokuxhasa isithsaba.
- Buya: Luhlobo lwembumba egubungela wonke umzimba onesiqhamo kwaye inyamalale xa ikhula. Ihlala isebenza ukukhusela kwiimeko ezingqongileyo ezinje ngumoya ogqithisileyo kunye nemvula. Ngamanye amaxesha siyabona ukuba i-volva inokufumaneka ngohlobo lweentsalela emazantsi esiqu kwaye ibonwa ngokungathi zizikali okanye inwebu ehlala xa umntu sele emdala.
IiMicromycetes
Njengoko igama labo libonisa, bangumngundo onokuthi ubonwe kuphela ngemicroscope. Abaqheleki ukwenza imizimba eneziqhamo ebonakalayo ebantwini. I-morphology ye-micromycete fungi inokuboniswa njengamabala amnyama amnyama okanye izihloko ezinomgubo. Inokuba ziibhola ezinemibala okanye amathontsi e-mucosa ngaphezulu.
Ukuba sihlalutya ii-micromycetes phantsi kwemicroscope, siyabona ukuba zenziwe njengombumba. Ngenxa yolu hlobo lwe-morphology, zikwabizwa ngokuba zi-filamentous fungi okanye igwele. Ziyabonakala ukuba ne-dimorphism yesondo, nangona ixhomekeke kudidi oluthile. Ezinye zeemicromycetes zinezakhiwo emzimbeni wazo kwaye zahlukile kwezo zifunyanwa kwezinye izinto zokungunda. Ngokukodwa ezi zinto kunye nolwakhiwo luxhomekeke kumgangatho ophantsi apho ukhula khona. Kuya kufuneka baphuhlise ulwakhiwo olwahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yendalo yendawo yokuphuhlisa.
Ucalucalulo kunye ne-morphology yefungi
Iingcali zamakhowa zibizwa ngokuba zii-mycologists. Uninzi lwazo lusekwe kulwahlulo ngokweempawu ezibonakalayo zomzimba. Le yindlela abazimisela ngayo ukuba loluphi na uhlobo lwento nganye ephilayo. Makhe sibone iintlobo ezi-3 ezahlukeneyo ze-morphology yefungi:
Ifungi eqaqambileyo
Lonke ulwakhiwo lwe-filamentous fungi lwenziwe nge-hyphae kwaye luyimveliso yokuvelisa kwakhona kwe-asexual. Olu lwakhiwo lubizwa ngokuba yi-mycelium. I-mycelium yamakhowa asendle inokufikelela kwiimitha ezininzi phantsi komhlaba. Ke, Sitshilo ngaphambilana ukuba into esiyibonayo ngumzimba ovelisa iziqhamo zefungus yonke.
Zonke iihaha eziphantsi komhlaba kunye naphantsi kwe-substrate ziphinda zenziwe ngesondo. Yiyo kuphela i-hyphae evela emhlabeni ebonakalayo enezinto ezizodwa zokuvelisa ngokwesondo. Amanani anoxanduva lokuzala abizwa ngokuba yi-conidia.
Igwele
Zizo ezo fungi ezine-morphology engaphezulu okanye engaphantsi. Zincinci kwaye ziyi-unicellular. Uninzi lwexesha ziphinda zivelise ngaphandle kwe-asexually ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngokudubula kunye nokusika. Nangona zizinto eziphilayo ezineseli enye, Kuxhomekeka kwi-substrate apho ikhula khona, banokuvelisa i-hyphae kodwa ngaphandle kwe-septa yokwenyani. Ezi pseudohyphae zihlelwa njengeefom eziphakathi phakathi kwe-filamentous fungi kunye negwele.
I-Morphology yefungi: utshintsho lwe-mycelium
Kukho ezinye iifungi ezinokutshintsha i-mycelium njengoko i-hyphae ikhula. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:
- IPlasmodium: Zizinto zokungunda ezinenuclei yazo engahlulwanga ziimbumba kodwa zitshone kwicytoplasm.
- Plectrenchyma: ii-hyphae ziqokelelwe kwizihlunu ezilungelelaniswe ngendlela yokudibana.
- IHaustoria: banokungena ngaphakathi kwiiseli zezityalo kwaye baphile njengezidleleli ngaphakathi kubo.
- Rhizomorphs: Zizinto zokungunda ezithi zenze ihaha yazo ngaphakathi kwesiqu semithi ethile. Ziyamelana ngokwenyani.
- Iingqungquthela: ziifungi ezenziwa zii-hyphae ezilula ezinesakhiwo esilula.
- Sporangiophores: ziifungi ezinesicatshulwa se-mycelium kunye ne-hyphae ene-branched. Esinye isiphelo se-hyphae sinesiphelo kwelinye icala elaziwa ngokuba yi-sporangium.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-morphology yefungi kunye nokuhlelwa kwazo.