Ukubona kakuhle kunye nokuphucula ukuva kwenza izilwanyana zasendle ube luhlobo lomlo obalekayo, kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ubuqili. Okwangoku kukho malunga ne-40 yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kwindawo ethile phakathi kwezilwanyana ezinkulu kunye nezinye izilwanyana eziqwalaselwa njengezasekhaya. Izifundo zibonise ukuba zavela kwixesha le-Oligocene, zavela kusapho lwe-myacid lwezilwanyana ezanyisayo ngexesha lePaleocene kunye neEocene, zabakhona malunga neminyaka engama-32 ezigidi. Ezi zilwanyana zinempawu ezinomdla kakhulu ukuba zifundwe.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele yonke into oyifunayo malunga nezilwanyana zasekhaya, iimpawu zazo kunye nendlela yokuphila.
Iindidi zezilwanyana zasendle
Iimpawu ezininzi ze-feline zafudukela eYurophu naseAsia. Ekupheleni kweMiocene kwakusele kukho inani elikhulu lee-feline, kubandakanya namazinyo abizwa ngokuba yi-saber. Omncinci angaqala ukufudukela e-Afrika naseMelika.
Into eqhelekileyo kuzo zonke izilwanyana ezingesilwanyana lutye lwazo lokutya. Kuphantse kube nzima kwizilwanyana ezinqabileyo ukuba zitsaleleke kwixhoba elifileyo. Bathanda ukuleqa ukutya kwabo de babe nakho ukubamba iintamo zabo kwaye bababulale ngokuchanekileyo.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana ezinesilwanyana zahlukile kwizilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nezo zihlala kwiindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba, ezinjengeengonyama neengwe. Bavela kwiintlanga ezahlukeneyo kwaye baneempawu zabo. Masibone ukuba ngawaphi amaqela aphambili ezilwanyana zasendle:
- UFelis: kubandakanya i-lynx, ikati yasendle, ikati yasekhaya, i-carnivore, i-serval kunye nekati yasendle ngokubanzi. Ubungakanani bayo bunokwahluka ukusuka kuncinci ukuya phakathi.
- neofelisInkokeli engenakuphikiswa yeli qela yi-panther enamafu, enxulumene neekati, nangona inkulu.
- AcinoyxZonke iintlobo zeengwenkala ziqokelelwe kulo mgca.
- I-PantheraIijaguar, iingonyama, izingwe kunye nengwe ziwela kolu luhlu.
- IPuma: Kuphela ziipum kunye nezinto ezibizwa ngokuba "ziikati ezibomvu" eziwela kolu luhlu.
Amalungu ohlobo lwePanthera zezona zati zinkulu ehlabathini. Imizimba yabo eyomeleleyo, amazinyo abukhali, kunye neenzipho ezinamandla ziyabavumela ukuba batye izilwanyana ezinkulu ezinje ngamaxhama, iihagu zasendle, kunye neengwenya. Le yokugqibela idume kakhulu ngomlo wayo kunye nehlosi elona likhulu emhlabeni. Yeyona feline inkulu ehlabathini, inobunzima obungama-300 kg.
Phantse zonke iikati ezinkulu zihlala eAfrika nase Mzantsi Asia, zihlala kwisavanna okanye ehlathini. Ukuphela kwento ebiyiyo yijaguar. Ngaphandle kwengwe yekhephu ehlala kwiindawo ezikude zeentaba zoMbindi weAsia, zonke izilwanyana ziyaziwa. Oku kungenxa yombala wayo omhlophe okhethekileyo, ovumela ukuba uzifihle kwikhephu.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Intloko yezilwanyana ezi-feline zijikeleze kwaye i-muzzle yazo emfutshane iphela ngesilevu esomeleleyo. I-incisors kunye ne-molars zihlala zincinci ngesizathu: ii-canines zazo ezinamandla zifuna indawo kuba zezona zisetyenziswayo zii-canines ukugqiba ukubanjwa kwazo. Iifrines zinamandla okurhoxisa imilenze yazo ngokuthanda kwazo, ezibathintelayo ukuba zingapheli ebudeni bokuhamba. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu onokuyenza. Inye kuphela engenalo olu phawu yingwenkala, esebenzisa imilenze yayo ukunyuka imithi iphumle.
Uhlobo lweenwele luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwendawo yokuhlala. Ngokwesiqhelo ihlosi lihlala kwindawo ezinengca ezinkulu, ezomileyo nezandisiweyo, ngoko umbala wawo o-orenji oqhelekileyo wenza kubelula ukufihla kwaye ngempazamo ubambe ixhoba elingalindelanga. Kwelinye icala, iijagu zizingeli ezifanelekileyo zasebusuku kuba umbala wazo omnyama unokusetyenziselwa ukufihla.
Ubunzima kunye nobungakanani bama feline bunokwahluka kakhulu. Ezinye zinokufikelela kwiimitha ezintathu ezinesiqingatha ubude okanye zibe nobunzima obungama-280 eekhilogram. Ezona zincinci ziikati zasekhaya.
Ngenxa yeziva zabo ezibukhali ngabazingeli abagqwesileyo. Kule minyaka idlulileyo, ukukhula kwabo okubonakalayo kunye nokuva kwabo kubenze bakwazi ukubona amaxhoba anzima. Isantya sakho naso kubalulekile. Enkosi kuye, Banokubamba ukutya ngokukhawuleza, kunye neenzipho ezibukhali kunye nemihlathi eyomeleleyo. Inyaniso engaqhelekanga kukuba ziingonyamakazi kuphela ezizingela zingamaqela, kuba emva koko banokulalela amaxhoba abo ukuze babambe.
Ukuzaliswa kunye nendawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana zasendle
Amadoda nabasetyhini abahlali kunye ixesha elide. Ukutshatisa kwanele. Njengezinye izilwanyana, iikati ezingamadoda zinkulu kunabantu ababhinqileyo, kwaye kuzo zombini ezi meko zifikelela ekuvuthweni ngokwesondo malunga neminyaka emihlanu. Ngokukodwa, Iingonyama zisebenza kakhulu kubomi bezesondo, ke ziyadibana nabasetyhini amatyeli aliqela ngemini ngeli xesha.
Ezi zilwanyana zisasazeke kwihlabathi liphela, nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba zibonakale kwiindawo ezinotyani obuninzi kunye nokufikelela okulula kokutya. Banokuhlala kakuhle entlango. Iindawo ekuphela kwazo ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala yendalo yiMadagascar, iAustralia neAntarctica.
Ezi zilwanyana zizilwanyana eziqhelekileyo kwezinye iindawo, ngelixa kwezinye iindawo, zingeniswa kwindawo elawulwayo ebizwa ngokuba yindawo ekhuselweyo. Ama-panther amnyama anokuhlala kwimimandla ekuMbindi Merika, ngelixa iingonyama zihlala ikakhulu e-Afrika.
Zizilwanyana zemimandla kakhulu, nkqu nemizekelo yohlobo olunye. Ngapha koko, abahlali kwindawo ezixineneyo, ngaphandle kweengonyama, zona ukhetha ukukhetha iqela elinamalungu angama-30.
Ezi zilwanyana ziyimfuyo yenye yezilwanyana abantu ababulala zona kakhulu ekuzingeleni. Oku kuya kuhlasela umntu ukuba angamqwalaseli njengexhoba, kodwa ukumsusa endaweni yabo. I-Panther, ii-lynxes kunye neejagu okwangoku zisengozini yokuphela ngenxa yokuzingela okukhulu kwabantu.
Iikati zasekhaya
Inye kuphela ikati yasekhaya, ikati edumileyo yasekhaya (UFelis silvestris catus), phambi kweentlobo ezininzi zeekati zasendle ezihlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba. Iikati zasekhaya ngomnye wemizekelo yezilwanyana ezidumileyo yasekhaya yenziwe ngabantu kuyo yonke imbali, nokuba yeyenkampani yabo, okanye uhlobo oluthile loncedo kunye / okanye isibonelelo. Ngokubhekisele kwiikati zasekhaya, zithathwa njengezilwanyana ezihamba nazo, ngamanye amaxesha zijongwa njengeentsomi, kwaye zinezinto ezibalulekileyo kwiinkcubeko ezinje ngeAsia, Egypt naseGrisi.
Balandela ukutya okutyayo, ngaphandle kokutya okutya ngamaxesha athile, bangabazingeli abakhulu bezilwanyana ezincinci, ngobuchule obukhulu kunye nokukwazi ukubona ebumnyameni.