Njengoko sisazi, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lokutya kwazo. Ukwahlulahlula kukuba ubukumkani bezilwanyana busetyenziswa, siyabona ukuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokokuhlala kwazo, ukukhula, uhlobo lwamathambo okanye indlela ezondla ngayo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha izilwanyana ezizidlayo. Kubalulekile ukwazi kakuhle isondlo sezilwanyana kuba le yindlela esinokwazi ngayo ukuba zikhula njani, zinxibelelana njani kwaye zihamba njani kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, isondlo kunye nokubaluleka kwezilwanyana ezidla inyama.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Isilwanyana esidla inyama sesona sondliwa ikakhulu kwizicwili zezilwanyana. Kule meko sithetha ngokususa amalungu namathambo kwesinye isilwanyana. Igama elithi carnivore lithetha ukuqwenga inxenye yenyama. Ayizizo zonke izinto ezidla inyama kuphela, njengoko isongeza ukutya kwabo ngezinye iindlela. Ayizizo zonke izilwanyana, kuba sinokufumana izityalo kunye nefungi.
Ezi zizinto eziphilayo ezifumana izakhamzimba eziyidingayo ukuze ziphile kwaye zikhule ngokungenisa inyama. Ukutya inyama kunokubanjiswa kwesinye isilwanyana okanye ukutya inyama efileyo. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba uninzi lokutya yinyama. Sisoloko silibale ukuba izilwanyana ezizizilwanyana zitya izilwanyana eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, izinambuzane kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezingenamqolo kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo, iintaka okanye iintlanzi. Ayizizo zonke izilwanyana ezitya inyama ezimelwe njengezizingeli okanye zizingele. Uninzi lwazo lubangcolisa ukutya, oko kukuthi, batya iintsalela zezinto ezibolayo ezivela kwezinye izilwanyana eziye zafa.
Isilwanyana ngasinye esidlayo sinendima ebalulekileyo kulungelelwaniso lwendalo. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwesilwanyana kwinyama abazityayo, izilwanyana ezidla inyama zihlelwa kwezi ndidi zilandelayo:
- Iintlanzi: Zidla iintaka
- Iihematophages: Sebenzisa igazi
- Izinambuzane: Zidla izinambuzane
- Iipcivores: Batya iintlanzi
- Ukuphila: Zidla amaqanda
- Vermivore: Badla iimbungu
Iindidi zezilwanyana ezitya inyama
Ayizizo zonke izidlo ezitya inyama ngendlela efanayo, ke ngoko kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumana izakha mzimba. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo:
- Izilwanyana: mhlawumbi zezona zaziwayo zodwa kuba ngabo babameli abafana nezilwanyana ezizingela amaxhoba azakutyiwa. Uninzi lwezilwanyana ezitya inyama zibulala ixhoba lazo. Kubonakala ngathi yeyona nto isengqiqweni ukuba abo babazingelayo babe baninzi kunexhoba labo, nangona kungenjalo kwaphela. Umzekelo, iingonyama, iingcuka, ii-piranhas, kunye neembovane zizidlwangudlongo ekuhlaleni ezifuna ukudibana ukuze zithathe izilwanyana ezinkulu. Emva koko, babelana ngamaxhoba kunye nokondla kunye.
- Abaqhekezi: ngabo batyayo oko kukuthi isilwanyana esifileyo. Ukufumana isidumbu kufuna umzamo kunye nexesha. Umzekelo, amaxhalanga zizilwanyana ezitya inyama kuphela. Uninzi lwezilwanyana ezidlayo zixubekile kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokutya. Kukho abanye abanokutya inyama enesidumbu, kodwa ayisiyiyo kuphela kwento abathenga ngayo ukutya kwabo. Uninzi lwabaxhasi bezikrelemnqa ludibanisa nemarike yokuzingela kwaye babe ngabondli abanamathuba. Oko kukuthi, baya kuzingela amaxhoba abo nanini na xa kufuneka, kodwa bayafumaneka njengexhoba elifileyo. Phakathi kwazo sineebhere, amagwababa, iingonyama, ii-coyotes kunye ne-lizards, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukutya kwezilwanyana ezitya inyama
Sinokwahlulahlula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana ezidla ngokutya kwazo. Akufuneki batye inyama kuphela, kodwa banokongeza ukutya kwabo ngeziqhamo, imifuno, incindi, amakhowa kunye nezinye izinto. Zixhomekeke ikakhulu kwizicubu zezilwanyana, nangona isilwanyana esidla inyama siqhelana nolunye uhlobo lokutya ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo esihlala kuyo nokuba siyinyanzela okanye asiyinyanzeli.
Kuxhomekeka ekwakhiweni kokutya, sibona izilwanyana ezizizilwanyana ezahlukileyo. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:
- Ukutya ngokungqongqo: kunokuthiwa zizidalwa ezizizidalwa eziyinyani. Ukutya kwabo yinyama ye-100% okanye kufutshane nayo. Apha sinebhere emhlophe, ingonyama, ingwenya, njl.
- Izilungiso ze-Hypercarnivores: ukutya kwabo kubandakanya i-70% okanye inyama engaphezulu. Apha sineedigri, iinkozi, ukrebe, isalmon, izikhova phakathi kwabanye.
- Imesocarnivores: ukutya kwabo kusekelwe phakathi kwenyama eyi-50-70%. Ezi zilwanyana ziphuhlise iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamazinyo ukuze zikwazi ukusebenzisa ezinye iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Apha sinezinja, ii-ferrets, ii-weasels, iimpungutye kunye neebadgers.
- Iingcamango zengqondo: ukutya kwabo kusekelwe kwinyama engaphantsi kwama-30%, okunye okusuka kwiziqhamo nakumakhowa ukuya kwincindi. Kwezi zilwanyana, amazinyo afezekisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kubandakanya nokuhlafuna imifuno enzima. Banobubanzi kwaye bumcaba. Uninzi lwazo luthathwa njenge-omnivores. Apha sinabantu abaya kwiibhere ezimnyama, phakathi kwabanye.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye nokubaluleka
Izilwanyana ezixhamlayo zihlala kuyo yonke imo yomhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwazo lunokufunyanwa kwindalo esemhlabeni. Zidla ngokufumaneka apho kuhlala khona amaxhoba kwaye zisasazwa kwimilambo, ulwandle kunye neelwandle, emoyeni ukufumanisa ukuphakama okuphezulu nasemhlabeni kwizinto eziphilayo ezifana neentlango, indawo ezomileyo, amahlathi, iilwandle, amahlathi, amaphepha, Njl
Ukubaluleka kwezi zilwanyana kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ubungakanani beentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwindalo. Oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kokutya izilwanyana kwitsheyini lokutya, asinakuba nomlinganiso ochanekileyo wendalo. Ke ngoko, isilwanyana esidla inyama sinceda ukumisela inani leentlobo kunye nokugcina ulungelelwano kwindalo.
Siza kwenza umzekelo wokutya apho isilwanyana esidlayo singenelela khona. Kwizilwanyana ezixhamlayo ezifana nezigcawu, ixhoba labo kufuneka lingene kwiwebhu. Kuyenzeka nakwizinto zokucoca ulwelo kumaxhoba abo omthamo wamanzi ogqitha kwicebo lokucoca elingabizi. Siza kuchonga iintlobo ngeentlobo zempendulo phakathi kobungakanani bexhoba kunye nabantu abalawulayo:
- Chwetheza I: yindawo enye apho irhamncwa lihlala lihleli kwaye lizimele koxinano lwexhoba. Oku kunokwenzeka xa ixhoba lingenako ngokwaneleyo ukwanelisa amaxhoba alo.
- Uhlobo II: izinga lokudliwa liyancipha njengoko inani lamaxhoba lisanda. Sikwabona ukonyuka kwenqanaba lokuxelwa kwangaphambili ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuhla ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu.
- Uhlobo lwe-III: irediyo isezantsi xa uxinizelelo lwamaxhoba lusezantsi kwaye luyaphakama ngaphambi kokuhla xa inqanaba langaphambili lithe lanyuka.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nezilwanyana ezidlayo kunye neempawu zazo.