Ibhayoloji eyohlukeneyo yaseSpain yenye yezona zityebileyo eYurophu. Ngelishwa, ikwayenye yezona zinto zisemngciphekweni. Zininzi izizathu eziwusongelayo, ingakumbi izenzo zabantu. USingasiqithi weIberia ulikhaya leentlobo ezingaphezu kwewaka ezisengozini yokuphela. Kwezi, izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezifana nezilwanyana ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini kunye neebhere ezimdaka ngebala zezona zisengozini yokuphela. Zininzi izilwanyana ezisengozini eSpeyin.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kudwelisa zeziphi izilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela eSpeyin kunye neziphi iimpawu zabo kunye nemeko yangoku.
Izilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela eSpeyin
I-lynx yase-Iberia
I-lynx yase-Iberia ngokungathandabuzekiyo sesona silwanyana sidumileyo sisengozini yokuphela eSpeyin, okanye ubuncinane esinye sezona zaziwayo. Yikati enkulu yokugqibela ehlala ngokwemvelo eYurophu kunye neyona kati isengozini yokuphela emhlabeni. Ubalo lweentlobo lubalwe kuphela malunga nama-200 elynx zase-Iberia kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kodwa kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo kubonakala ngathi ziyachacha ngenxa yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zolondolozo kunye nokuqaliswa kwakhona, ukufikelela kubantu abamalunga nama-500 ababalwayo ngaphakathi. Zinokufumaneka kuphela kwiidolophu ezimbini zaseDoñana naseSierra Morena.
Okwangoku, abantu bayo bayaqhubeka nokuhla kwaye bakwimeko emaxongo ngenxa yoku:
- Indawo ababehlala kuyo yatshatyalaliswa.
- Inani lemivundla lehlile.
- Ukubetha koohola bendlela kunye neendlela.
ufudo olumnyama
I-spur-thighed or spiny-footed tortoise luhlobo lwe-17 subspecies efumaneka kumazwekazi amathathu: i-Asia, iYurophu kunye ne-Afrika. Kwinqanaba lehlabathi, oko kukuthi, kubantu abavela kumazwekazi amathathu akhankanywe ngasentla, imeko yolu hlobo yeyomngcipheko kunokuba yingozi. Noko ke, ufudo olunemilenze emide lusengozini yokuphela eSpeyin ekubeni emalunga nama-200 kuphela, nto leyo eyenza ukuba olufudo lube yingozi kakhulu kweli lizwe.
Utshintsho kwiindawo ezihlala kuzo, ezinjengokhuphiswano oluvela kwizilwanyana ezihlaselayo kunye nokubanjwa ngokungekho mthethweni kwala mafudo, sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zemeko yawo emaxongo.
ufudo lweMeditera
I-Testudo hermanni okanye ufudo lweMeditera ligama lezenzululwazi lofudo lweMeditera, yiyo loo nto isaziwa ngezityalo ezihlala kunxweme lweMeditera. Olu fudo, njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, usengozini enkulu yokunyamalala, ubuncinane endle. Ezona zizathu zokuba ufudo lwaseMeditera lusengozini yokuphela eSpeyin zezi:
- ukubanjwa ngokungekho mthethweni
- Inambuzane
- Fuego
Nangona ezininzi zigcinwe ekuthinjweni kwaye njengezilwanyana zasekhaya eSpain, endle zibonwa ngoku kuphela kwiindawo ezithile zeBalearic Islands naseCatalonia. Nangona kunjalo, sele kukho iiprojekthi zokuphucula inani labantu beentlobo zelizwe. Ngo-2017, iParc del Garraf yaseCatalonia yakhulula ngaphezu kwama-300 amafudo aseMeditera.
ingwamza emnyama
Ingwamza, ngokwenzululwazi yaziwa ngokuba ciconia nigra, sesinye isilwanyana esisengozini yokuphela kweli lizwe laseIberia. Okwangoku, iSpain iye kuphela iikopi ezingama-330, ngoko kucingelwa ukuba ayithembi ukunyamalala kwayo okunokwenzeka kwiminyaka ezayo. Nangona kunjalo, le ntaka ihlala kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, kwaye ngethamsanqa, yongezwa kubemi bayo behlabathi, sinokuthi ayikho emngciphekweni, enyanisweni, imeko yayo ithathwa njengomcimbi wesibini.
Izilwanyana ezaziwa ngcono zisengozini yokuphela eSpain
Ingcuka yaseIberia
Ukuqhubela phambili nolu luhlu lwezilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela eSpeyin, simisa kwesinye sezilwanyana ezidumileyo kwihlabathi. Njenge lynx yaseIberia, I-Canis lupus signatus Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, sesona silwanyana saziwayo sisengozini yokuphela kwi-Iberian Peninsula. Iingcuka zaseIberia ziye zahlala kulosingasiqithi kangangeenkulungwane, kodwa eSpeyin zazigqalwa njengobhubhani, zisitya izilwanyana ezizithweleyo ngelo xesha ezazingenayo enye indlela yokuziphilisa. Ngesi sizathu, urhulumente waqala ukususa abantu ngeminyaka yee-1970s kwaye wade wahlawula iibhonasi kubazingeli ukuze balawule oko kwakugqalwa “njengokugqith’ emgceni.” Noko ke, ngale ngcamango nokulula kokuzingela ngokusemthethweni nokoyika abaninzi abahlala kwiindawo ezihlala ezi zilwanyana, oko kuye kwaphunyezwa phantse kukupheliswa kwengcuka yaseIberia.
Yiyo loo nto, kangangeminyaka, kuye kwenziwa iinzame zokuphumeza izicwangciso zokubuyisela abantu kulosingasiqithi nokukhusela abambalwa abaseleyo. Namhlanje, ubalo lokugqibela lubonisa ukuba kukho malunga ne-2.000 yeengcuka zase-Iberia eSpain. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuxhalabisa okukhankanywe ngasentla, iingcuka zokuzingela zisemthethweni eSpain, kunokuba zifune ukuphuculwa kweentlobo. Lo ngumba obangele ingxwabangxwaba kweli lizwe, njengoko abanye abantu becinga ukuba ufanele ulungiswe ngokukhawuleza.
ibhere emdaka yaseYurophu
Ibhere emdaka yaseYurophu okanye i-Ursus arctos arctos ihlala kwi-beech, i-oki, i-birch kunye namahlathi amnyama epineyini kwiiNtaba zeCantabrian kunye neePyrenees. Ngelishwa, namhlanje zikhona kuphela malunga nama-200 eebhere ezimdaka zaseYurophu eSpeyin. Ngokukodwa, imizekelo inokufumaneka kwiCantabria kunye nePyrenees, kunye nakwiindawo ezizimeleyo zaseCantabria, Asturias, Castilla y León.
Le meko isengozini yebhere emdaka yaseYurophu ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokungeniswa kwezilwanyana ezinetyhefu, kunye nezinye izinto ezifana nemigodi, ukwakhiwa kwe-ski slopes kunye neendlela, eziye zatshintsha kwaye zanciphisa indawo yokuhlala ye-grizzly.
Osprey
Ixhalanga elineentshebe lolunye uhlobo olusengozini yokuphela kuSingasiqithi weIberia. UGypaetus barbatus namhlanje uhlala kuphela kwiiPyrenees, ngenani eliqikelelwayo leekopi ezingaphantsi kwama-300. Ngaphaya koko, ubalo lwabantu lokugqibela lwafumanisa ukuba kwabo bantu baphantse babe ngama-300, bali-100 kuphela ababezizibini ezizalanayo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba inani labo lidla ngokuhla.
Phakathi kwezizathu zesimo sayo somngcipheko omkhulu sifumana oku kulandelayo:
- Ukukhutshwa kombane kwinethiwekhi kunye neentambo zamandla.
- Yitshabalalise indawo abahlala kuyo.
- Ukungeniswa kwesithiyelo setyhefu.
ulovane oluqhelekileyo
Esi sirhubuluzi sincinci simalunga ne-30 cm ubude, sineempawu ezingaqhelekanga (ezifana nombala, amehlo okanye ulwimi), kwaye xa siqwalasela abemi behlabathi, sikwimeko entle yolondolozo kuba sihlala eAsia, eAfrika naseYurophu.
Nangona kunjalo, ilovane eliqhelekileyo linemizekelo engama-50 ngehektare nganye eSpain, ngokukodwa, zifumaneka kuphela kumahlathi athile ompayina aseMalaga, ayibeka kuLuhlu oluBomvu lweZilwanyana eziseMngciphekweni waseSpain.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nezilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela eSpeyin kunye nokuba yintoni imeko yazo.