Xa sithetha ngamandla ekamva, i-hydrogen njengamafutha ihlala iza engqondweni. Kule meko, i iseli yehydrogen uhlala ekhona phantse kuyo nayiphi na incoko enento yokwenza namandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokutshintsha kwamandla. Kwinguqu yamandla apho ufuna ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibaso, ufuna ukuhamba okuzinzileyo esixekweni. Kulapho kubalulekile ukuba utshintsho lwenzeke kusetyenziswa ibhetri ye-hydrogen, kuba inokuba sisitshixo kwiimoto ngaphandle kokukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza, ukongeza kwamanye amacandelo.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngobomi be-hydrogen kunye neempawu zayo.
Yintoni ibhetri ye-hydrogen
Xa sithetha ngebhetri ye-hydrogen sithetha isixhobo esisebenza ngombane esikwaziyo ukuguqula amandla eekhemikhali asibekayo asigcine sibe ngamandla ombane. Amafutha agcinwa kamva ukuze aguqulwe abe ngamandla ombane yi-hydrogen. Ke ngoko, iseli ye-hydrogen inokusetyenziselwa ukunika amandla nasiphi na isixhobo esinezi mpawu.
Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwebhetri ye-hydrogen namhlanje kukuhambisa amandla kwimoto yombane, nangona ayisiyiyo kuphela. Logama iseli inamafutha, iyakwazi ukubonelela ngamandla kwaye, xa iphuma, inokugcwalisa kwakhona.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Siza kuhlalutya ukuba zeziphi ezona ndawo ziphambili kwiseli ye-hydrogen:
- Anode: licandelo elibi le mfumba. Iyaziwa ngegama lesibonda esibi kwaye inoxanduva lokuqhuba ii-elektroni ezikhutshwa kwi-hydrogen ukuze zisetyenziswe ngumbane wombane wangaphandle.
- Cathode: sisibonda esihle sebhetri. Inoxanduva lokuhambisa ioksijini kumphezulu we-catalyst kunye nokuqhuba zonke i-elektronon. Ngombulelo kule nkqubo abanokuphinda benziwe kwakhona.
- Umbane: yenziwe ngezinto eziphathwe ngendlela enokuthi iqhube kuphela ii-ion ezihlawuliswe ngokuqinisekileyo. I-electrolyte inokugqibela ukuvimba ii-elektron.
- Ku ku: Isixhobo esinoxanduva lokuququzelela impendulo yamachiza phakathi kweoksijini kunye nehydrogen. Oku kusabela kuyimfuneko ukuze sikwazi ukuvelisa umbane. Eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukuba yenziwe ngocingo olucekeceke kakhulu lweplatinam nanoparticles kwiphepha lekhabhoni okanye kwelaphu.
Ukusebenza kweseli ye-hydrogen
Nje ukuba sazi ezona mpawu ziphambili kunye neenxalenye zeseli ye-hydrogen, siza kubona ukuba isebenza njani. Siyazi ukuba uxinzelelo lwe-hydrogen lungena kwiseli ukusuka kwicala le-anode. Xa i-hydrogen ingena inyanzela le gesi nge-catalyst ngoxinzelelo. Xa i-molecule ye-hydrogen idibana ne-platinum, eyinxalenye yecandelo le-catalyst, yahlulwe yaziiproton ezi-2 nee-elektroni ezi-2.
Iifowuni ziqhutywa nge-anode ukuya kwisekethe yangaphandle. Kulapha apho baphetheyo ngokuqhuba khona umsebenzi ofunekayo ukondla amandla oko kunikezelwayo. Umzekelo, unokuyalelwa ukuba unike amandla umbane wombane. Nje ukuba umthombo wamandla unikezelwe, babuyela kwibhetri ngenxalenye yecathode. Nje ukuba sikwi-cathode, ioksijini idlula kwi-catalyst kwaye yenze iiathom ezimbini zeoksijini ezihlawuliswe kakubi. Le ntlawulo ingathandekiyo itsala iiproton zangaphambili kwaye zidibanisa kunye nee-elektroni ezimbini ezibuyela kwisekethe yangaphandle. Konke oku kwenza imolekyuli yamanzi.
Inzuzo
Siza kuhlalutya ukuba zeziphi izibonelelo ezinayo iiseli ze-hydrogen ngokubhekisele kwezinye i-fuel esekwe kumandla ahlaziyekayo. Ezinye zezizathu zokuba kutheni le fuel iphezulu kunezinye iindlela zilandelayo:
- Azivelisi izinto ezingcolisayo: Njengoko sibonile inkcazo yokusebenza kwebhetri, i-hydrogen kunye neoksijini ivelisa umbane emva koko umphunga wamanzi. Siyazi ukuba umphunga wamanzi yirhasi yegreenhouse kodwa ayinabungozi. Kungenxa yokuba yirhasi yendalo eluhlaza yendalo.
- Isebenza ngakumbi kuneinjini zokutshaAyincedi kuphela ukungangcolisi, kodwa ikwaguqula amandla eekhemikhali abe ngamandla ombane ngokufanelekileyo. Injini yokutsha kufuneka iguqule amandla eekhemikhali zepetroli zibe bubushushu kunye namandla oomatshini akwazi ukuhambisa injini. Oku kuvelisa into eyaziwa ngokuba yibhotile yokufudumeza. Le meko ikhawulelwe kutshintsho ngqo lwamandla enziwe yiseli ye-hydrogen.
- Abanawo amalungu ahambayo: ukungabinayo indawo emileyo kuyenza ithembeke ngakumbi kunenjini yokutsha. Kwinjini yokutsha kunamalungu amaninzi anokuqhekeka.
- IHydrogen inokuveliswa ngendlela enokusingqongileyo ngakumbi-Ngokungafaniyo ne-fossil fuels, i-hydrogen inokuveliswa ngendlela ecocekileyo. Oku kunegalelo ekwenzeni amandla aluhlaza ngakumbi.
Ukungancedi kweseli yehydrogen
Njengakuwo nawuphi na umthombo wamandla, nokuba unokuhlaziywa okanye akunjalo, kukwakho nezinye iingxaki. Kwaye olu hlobo lomthombo wolunye uhlobo lwamandla lubonisa uthotho lwemiceli mngeni, okwangoku, othintela ukuba ungasasazeki kwihlabathi liphela. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi ngxaki:
- Ixabiso layo liphezulu: Nangona i-hydrogen ininzi kakhulu, iyenza ukuba ibe luncedo ngohlobo lwebhetri nangoku ayisiyoqoqosho kunye netekhnoloji yangoku.
- Inokutsha: Ukhuseleko lweseli ye-hydrogen luhlala luxhalabisa kuba lunokutsha nanini na.
- Kunzima ukugcina nokuhambisa: Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto zokubasa ezifana namalahle, kunzima ngakumbi ukugcina kunye nokuhambisa.
I-Hydrogen inokuveliswa icocekile emanzini, kodwa yinkqubo eyonga amandla. Okwangoku, eyona nkqubo yoqoqosho kukhupha i-hydrogen kwindalo yamalahle. Ngesi sizathu, uninzi lwe-hydrogen evelisiweyo ivela kwii-fossil fuels, ngenxa yoko ayinakuthathelwa ingqalelo njengamandla ahlaziyekayo ngokupheleleyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nebhetri ye-hydrogen kunye neempawu zayo.